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UNIT 1 DOSAGE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| According to a recent study a John Hopkins Hospital (2018) it is estimated that between | 250,000 and 400,000 die each year due to medication errors |
| The order cannot be read due to handwriting | Legibility |
| The drug selection is incorrect based on the client's allergies or other indications such as the wrong dose, form, quality, route, concentration, rate or health status | Prescription |
| A lack of understanding the correct order: confusion over look-alike and sound- alike medications | Communication |
| The order was transferred onto another source incorrectly | Transcription |
| The wrong dilution (measure or amount) or solution was used, incorrect calculation | Preparation |
| The medication was not given to the client in which it was intended | Wrong Patient |
| Something else required the prescriber, transcriber or nurse's attention | Distraction |
| This includes things like temperature, noise level and pace of the workplace setting | Environment |
| Lack of sleep on behalf of the prescriber or nurse | Fatigue |
| The prescriber and/or the nurse was not aware of how the drug works, its various names, the side effects or contraindications or unsure of how to administer the medication; this also includes using the wrong equipment | Lack of Knowledge/Understanding |
| Main two Identifiers | Name, Date of Birth |
| Due to incomplete reconciliation of medication, health problems or separation of clients with the same names; could also include the wrong clients' weight | Incomplete Client Information |
| Forgetting some information such as allergies or failure to administer, prepare or administer the medication | Memory Lapses |
| Improper Storage, preparation and availability | Systemic Issues |
| Inform the provider with all kown/suspected allergies and reactions Provide an up to date of all prescriptive and over-the -counter medications as well as any herbal agents and supplements | Prevention: Client-Centered |
| Makes sure all healthcare providers know your health problems, allergies and medications Keep medications in the original containers Use a single pharmacy source, if possible | Prevention: Client-Centered |
| Verify client allergies and reactions Verify client's health conditions Reconcile all medication list Use drug References Read back orders Use the rights of medications administration | Nurse-Centered |
| Six Rights to Medication Administration | Right Client Right Drug Right Dose Right Route Right Time Right Documentation |
| Three checks for Medication Administration | First check when medications are pulled or retrieved Second check when preparing the medication Final at bedside |
| Only chart what you ____________________ | give |
| Only chart ___________ the medication have been taken | after |
| Check for correct dose Instruct the patient about the drug use Observe for side effects | Nurse Responsibility |
| Compare current medications with the medication they take Compare OTC and prescription medications with patients to make sure taken daily Verifying all allergies known and suspected with patients to avoid | Medication Reconciliation |
| 1. Keep Problematic medications separated 2. Make sure medications are available when needed 3. Tall Man lettering is used for look-alike/sound alike medication | System- Centered |
| What should the nurse do when orders are unclear? | Clarify with Physician Nurse can refuse if order is from Pharmacist Nurse has a responsibility Checking the MAR |
| A pharmacist should be consulted prior A liquid/soluble preparation should be considered as an alternative Should be the last reslort | Crushing Medications |
| Why is crushing medication the last resort? | Because you are taken the potents out of the medication |
| DUR | DURATION |
| SR | SUSTAINED RELEASE |
| CR | CONTROLLED RELEASE OR CONTINUOUS RELEASE |
| SA | SUNSTAINED ACTION |
| CD | CONTROLLED RELEASE |
| CONTIN | CONTINUOUS |
| LA | LONG ACTION |
| EC | ENTERIC COATED |
| ER | EXTENDED RELEASE |
| XL | EXTENDED RELEASE |
| I | IRRITANT |
| MMI | MUCOUS MEMBRANE |
| ODT | ORALLY DISINTEGRATING TABLET EXMPLE: ZOFRAN |
| TR | TIME RELEASED |
| SL | SUBLINGUAL (UNDER TONGUE) |
| Only get prescription from _________________ not _______________ | Doctor; Pharmacist |
| Dissolves in small intestines NOT stomach | EC (ENTERIC COATED) |
| What to do if in case of a medication error? | Take vitals Notify provider Completed the occurrence/event/incident report Monitoring patient call family |
| I | 1 |
| II | 2 |
| III | 3 |
| IV | 4 |
| V | 5 |
| VI | 6 |
| VII | 7 |
| VIII | 8 |
| IX | 9 |
| X | 10 |
| XI | 11 |
| XII | 12 |
| XIII | 13 |
| XIV | 14 |
| XV | 15 |
| XVI | 16 |
| XVII | 17 |
| XVIII | 18 |
| XIX | 19 |
| XX | 20 |
| XXI | 21 |
| XXII | 22 |
| XXIII | 23 |
| XXIV | 24 |
| XXV | 25 |
| XXVI | 26 |
| XXVII | 27 |
| XXVIII | 28 |
| XXIX | 29 |
| XXX | 30 |
| Number if it appears before the entry | #30 |
| Pounds if it appears after the entry | 159# |
| Percent; Percentage | % |
| And | & |
| 0.5 | YES |
| .5 | NO |
| U, u | NO WRITE UNITS |
| IU | NO WRITE INTERNATIONAL UNIT |
| Q.D ,QD, q.d, qd | NO WRITE DAILY OR EVERY OTHER DAY |
| MS OR MSO4,MGSO4 | NO WIRTE MORPHINE, MAGNESIUM SULFATE |
| BID | TWICE A DAY ; EVERY TWO HOURS |
| TID | THREE TIMES A DAY; EVERY EIGHT HOURS |
| QID | FOUR TIMES A DAY; EVERY SIX HOURS |
Created by:
Khadesjah
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