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Nerve Signaling – We

Biology / Anatomy & Physiology

TermDefinition
1. Resting Membrane Potential The electrical charge difference across the membrane of a resting neuron, typically around –70 millivolts (mV).
2. Action Potential A rapid, temporary change in a membrane potential that travels along the axon, enabling nerve signal transmission.
3. Depolarization A decrease in membrane potential where the inside of the neuron becomes less negative compared to the outside.
4. Repolarization The process by which the membrane potential returns to resting negative value after depolarization.
5. Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels Protein channels that open in response to changes in membrane voltage, allowing Na⁺ ions to flow into the neuron during an action potential.
6. Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels Protein channels that open to allow K⁺ ions to exit the neuron during repolarization, restoring the negative membrane potential.
7. Threshold Potential The critical level of membrane depolarization (around –55 mV) that triggers an action potential.
8. Refractory Period The time after an action potential during which a neuron is unable to fire another action potential or requires a stronger stimulus.
9. Saltatory Conduction The rapid transmission of nerve impulses by jumping from one Node of Ranvier to the next along a myelinated axon.
10. Sodium-Potassium Pump An active transport protein that moves 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions into the neuron, maintaining resting membrane potential.
Created by: tikibear
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