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Assignment 1

Human Anatomy

QuestionAnswer
Nucleus The information center of a cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum responsible for protein and lipid synthesis, transport, and metabolism.
Ribosome responsible for protein synthesis.
Golgi Appiratus process and packaging center, modifying and sorting proteins and lipids, particularly those destined for secretion or other cellular locations.
Lysosome Lysosomes break down cellular debris, misfolded proteins, and damaged organelles through a process called autophagy.
Proteasomes cellular "garbage disposals," breaking down proteins that are no longer needed or that have become damaged.
Peroxisomes Responsible for various metabolic processes. They are involved in fatty acid breakdown, detoxification of harmful substances like hydrogen peroxide, and synthesis of essential molecules like bile acids and ether lipids.
Mitochondia " Power House" Manufactures ATP.
Cellia Hair like structure found on top of cells. Responsible for protecting the cells, sensory and movement.
Fragella A single structure outside a cell that is responsible for cell movement. (sperm cells)
Epidermis prevent water loss, protect against pathogens, and regulate body temperature.
Dermis supports and strengthens the skin, provide blood flow for nutrient delivery and waste removal, and house various internal structures like hair follicles and sweat glands
Subcutaneous provides insulation and regulates body temperature, acts as a shock absorber, stores energy in the form of fat, and connects the skin to underlying muscles and bones.
The five layers of epidermis stratum basale (germinativum), stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum
Long bone a bone that is longer than it is wide, featuring a shaft (diaphysis) and two ends (epiphyses). Examples: femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ilna, metacarpals, metatarsals and phalanges.
Short bone cube-shaped and roughly the same length, width, and thickness. Examples: Carpal bones, Tarsal bones, Patella, Sesamoid bones.
Flat bone thin, flattened bones that often have a curved surface. Example: Skull bones, ribs, sternum, scapulae, and pelvic bones.
Irregular bone bones that don't fit into the categories of long, short, flat, or sesamoid bones due to their complex, non-uniform shapes. vertebrae, the sacrum, coccyx, the maxilla, mandible, the ethmoid, sphenoid, and temporal.
Compact Bone the dense, hard outer layer of bones that provides strength and support. Provides strength and support to the skeleton, allowing it to withstand significant weight and stress. It also protects internal structures like the heart and spinal cord.
Cancellous Bone A porous, honeycomb-like tissue found inside bones. Provides strength and support while minimizing weight, store bone marrow, and facilitate blood cell formation.
Red bone marrow a soft, spongy tissue found inside bones. Responsible for producing blood cells, including red blood cells (which carry oxygen), white blood cells (which fight infection), and platelets (which help blood clot).
Yellow bone marrow primarily composed of fat and serves as a storage site for energy and some stem cells.
Cartillage a tough, flexible connective tissue that provides support and cushioning in the body.
Intramembranous ossification direct conversion of mesenchymal tissue into bone. It's how flat bones of the skull and some other bones develop
Endochondral ossification This process involves the formation of cartilage, which is then replaced by bone.
Myosin A family of motor proteins, best known for their role in muscle contraction, but also involved in various other cellular movements in eukaryotes.
Actin A highly conserved protein found in virtually all eukaryotic cells.
ATP the primary energy source for muscle contraction.
ADP, Phospate key components in the ATP-ADP cycle, which is crucial for muscle contraction.
Created by: cdupa
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