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Lesson 5-Vocab
The Respiratory System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anoxia | the absence of oxygen from the body’s tissues and organs even though there is an adequate flow of blood. |
| antitussive | commonly known as cough medicine, is administered to prevent or relieve coughing. |
| aphonia | the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds. |
| asbestosis | caused by asbestos particles in the lungs and usually occurs after working with asbestos. |
| asphyxia | the loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function. |
| asthma | a chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by an allergic reaction. |
| atelectasis | or collapsed lung, is the incomplete expansion of part or all of a lung due to a blockage of air passages or pneumothorax. |
| bradypnea | an abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually of less than 10 breaths per minute |
| bronchiectasis | permanent thickening of the walls of the bronchi, caused by chronic infection and inflammation. |
| bronchodilator | an inhaled medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs. |
| bronchorrhea | an excessive discharge of watery mucus from the bronchi. |
| bronchoscopy | the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope. |
| bronchospasm | a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles, tightening and squeezing the airway shut. |
| Cheyne–Stokes respiration | an irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea. |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | (COPD) is a group of lung diseases in which the bronchial airflow is obstructed, making it difficult to breathe out. |
| croup | an acute respiratory infection in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords resulting in a barking cough and stridor. |
| cyanosis | bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood. |
| cystic fibrosis | a life-threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus. |
| dysphonia | difficulty in speaking, which may include any impairment in vocal quality, including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy’s voice during puberty. |
| dyspnea | also known as shortness of breath (SOB), is difficult or labored breathing. |
| emphysema | the progressive, long-term loss of lung function, usually due to smoking. |
| empyema | refers to a collection of pus in any body cavity. |
| endotracheal intubation | the passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway, especially when a patient must be placed on a ventilator. |
| epistaxis | also known as a nosebleed, is bleeding from the nose that may be caused by dry air, injury, medication to prevent blood clotting, or high blood pressure. |
| hemoptysis | the expectoration of blood or blood-stained sputum derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes as the result of a pulmonary or bronchial hemorrhage. |
| hemothorax | a collection of blood in the pleural cavity. |
| hypercapnia | also known as CO2 retention, is the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood. |
| hyperpnea | commonly associated with exertion, is breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest. |
| hypopnea | shallow or slow respiration. |
| hypoxemia | the condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood, usually due to respiratory disorders or heart conditions. |
| hypoxia | the condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the body tissues and organs; it is less severe than anoxia. |
| laryngitis | an inflammation of the larynx. |
| laryngoscopy | the visual examination of the larynx and vocal cords using a flexible or rigid laryngoscope inserted through the mouth. |
| laryngospasm | the sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx. |
| mediastinum | the middle section of the chest cavity and is located between the lungs. |
| nebulizer | an electronic device that pumps air or oxygen through a liquid medicine to turn it into a mist, which is then inhaled by the patient via a face mask or mouthpiece. |
| otolaryngologist | also known as an ENT (Ear, Nose & Throat), is a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck. |
| pertussis | also known as whooping cough, is a contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough, followed by breathlessness and a noisy inspiration. |
| pharyngitis | also known as a sore throat, is an inflammation of the pharynx. |
| pleural effusion | the excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. |
| pleurisy | also known as pleuritis, is an inflammation of the pleura, the membranes that cover the lungs and line the pleural cavity. |
| pleurodynia | a sharp chest pain that occurs when inflamed pleural membranes rub against each other with each inhalation. |
| pneumoconiosis | any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by mineral dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental or occupational contact. |
| pneumonectomy | the surgical removal of all or part of a lung. |
| pneumonia | a serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids. |
| pneumothorax | the accumulation of air in the pleural space resulting in a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse. |
| polysomnography | also known as a sleep study, measures physiological activity during sleep and is often performed to detect nocturnal defects in breathing associated with sleep apnea. |
| pulmonary edema | an accumulation of fluid in lung tissues, especially the alveoli. |
| pulmonologist | a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system. |
| pulse oximeter | an external monitor placed on the patient’s fingertip or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood. |
| pyothorax | also known as pleural empyema, is the presence of pus in the pleural cavity between the layers of the pleural membrane resulting from a bacterial infection. |
| sinusitis | an inflammation of the sinuses. |
| sleep apnea | a potentially serious disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep for periods long enough to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels. |
| spirometer | a recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled (volume) and the length of time required for each breath. |
| tachypnea | an abnormally rapid rate of respiration, usually of more than 20 breaths per minute. |
| thoracentesis | the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity. |
| thoracotomy | a surgical incision into the chest wall to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment. |
| tracheostomy | the surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea below the vocal cords to insert a temporary or permanent tube to facilitate breathing. |
| tracheotomy | a procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage. |
| tuberculosis | infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, usually attacks the lungs; however, it can also affect other parts of the body. |
Created by:
jls017
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