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Lesson 4-Vocab
The Lymphatic and Immune System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acquired immunity | obtained by having had a contagious disease. |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | commonly known as AIDS, is the most advanced and fatal stage of an HIV infection. |
| allergen | a substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual. |
| allergist | specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions of altered immunologic reactivity, such as allergic reactions. |
| allergy | also known as hypersensitivity, is an over-reaction by the body to a particular antigen. |
| anaphylaxis | also known as anaphylactic shock, is a severe response to an allergen. |
| antibiotic-resistant bacteria | occur when antibiotics fail to kill all of the bacteria they target. |
| antibiotics | medications capable of inhibiting growth or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms. |
| antibody | a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen. |
| antifungal | an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi. |
| antigen | any substance that the body regards as being foreign. |
| antigen–antibody reaction | also known as the immune reaction, involves binding antigens to antibodies. |
| autoimmune disorder | also known as an autoimmune disease, is any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues, mistaking healthy cells, tissues, or organs for antigens. |
| bacilli | rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria. (The singular is bacillus). |
| bacteria | one-celled microscopic organisms (singular, bacterium). |
| candidiasis | also known as a yeast infection. Yeast infections occur on the skin or mucous membranes in warm, moist areas such as the vagina or mouth and are caused by the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. |
| complement system | a group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form. |
| COVID-19 | a highly contagious viral infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. |
| cytokines | a group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by the T cells. |
| cytomegalovirus | (CMV) is found in most body fluids. |
| hemolytic | destroying worn-out erythrocytes (red blood cells) and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse. |
| herpes zoster | (HZ), commonly known as shingles, is an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve. |
| human immunodeficiency virus | commonly known as HIV, is a bloodborne infection in which the virus damages or kills the T cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail, thus leaving the body at risk of developing many life-threatening opportunistic infections. |
| immunodeficiency disorder | occurs when the immune response is compromised. |
| immunoglobulins | bind with specific antigens in the antigen–antibody response. The five primary types of immunoglobulins, which are secreted by plasma cells, are also known as antibodies. |
| immunologist | specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the immune system. |
| immunosuppressant | a substance that prevents or reduces the body’s normal immune response. |
| immunotherapy | also called biological therapy, is a disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response. |
| infectious disease specialist | a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites. |
| infectious mononucleosis | also known as mono, is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, and is most common in adolescents and young adults. |
| influenza | commonly known as the flu, is a highly contagious viral respiratory infection that usually occurs in seasonal epidemics. |
| interferons | (IFNs) are produced in response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells. |
| Lyme disease | is transmitted to humans by the bite of a tick that has had contact with a deer infected with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. It is named for Old Lyme, Connecticut, where it was first diagnosed. |
| lymphadenopathy | any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes. |
| lymphangioma | a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. |
| lymphedema | (LE) is swelling of the tissues due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues. |
| lymphocytes | also known as lymphoid cells, are leukocytes that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells. |
| lymphologist | a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the lymphatic system. |
| lymphoscintigraphy | a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels. |
| macrophage | a type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells. |
| malaria | caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito. |
| measles | an acute, highly contagious infection that is transmitted by respiratory droplets of the rubeola virus. |
| natural immunity | which is also known as passive immunity, is resistance to a disease present without the administration of an antigen or exposure to a disease. |
| opportunistic infection | caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans. |
| parasite | a plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism. |
| pathogen | a microorganism that causes a disease in humans. |
| rabies | an acute viral infection that is transmitted to humans through the bite or saliva of an infected animal. |
| rickettsia | a small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites (plural, rickettsiae). |
| rubella | also known as German measles, is a viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash |
| spirochetes | long, slender, spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement. |
| splenomegaly | an abnormal enlargement of the spleen. |
| staphylococci | a group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes. |
| streptococci | bacteria that form a chain. (The singular is streptococcus). |
| synthetic immunoglobulins | also known as immune serum, are used as a post-exposure preventive measure against certain viruses, including rabies and some types of hepatitis. |
| synthetic interferon | used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, hepatitis C, and some cancers. |
| systemic reaction | also known as anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock, is a severe response to an allergen. |
| toxoplasmosis | a disease caused by a parasite that is most commonly transmitted from pets to humans by contact with contaminated feces. |
| varicella | also known as chickenpox, is caused by the herpesvirus Varicella zoster and is highly contagious. |
| West Nile virus | spread to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito. |
| Zika virus | spread to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito, by a woman to her fetus, or through sexual intercourse. |
Created by:
jls017
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