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Part 1 Vocabulary

TC3 BIOL 105 Final Exam (ch. 19-22)

TermDefinition
Paleontology The study of fossils; was developed in large part by Georges Cuvier
Artificial Selection The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits
Polyploidy A condition that occurs from accidental cell division, resulting in extra sets of chromosomes
Natural Selection Individuals with certain traits tend to survive longer and reproduce more successfully
Molecular Clock A model that helps estimate the time required for evolution change, based on the observation that some regions of genomes evolve slowly.
Relative Fitness The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the contribution of other individuals
Homologous structures The underlying skeletons of the arms, forelegs, flippers, and wings of different mammals represent variations on a structural theme to demonstrate their common ancestors
Vestigial structures Remnants of features that served a function in the organism's ancestors
Hybrid zone A region in which members of different species meet and mate, producing some offspring mixed of ancestry
Prezygotic Barrier A factor that blocks fertilization from occurring
Postzygotic Barrier A factor that prevents the offspring of different parent species from developing into viable, fertile offspring
Heterozygote advantage Greater reproductive success of heterozygous individuals compared with homozygotes; tends to preserve variation in a gene pool
Allopatric speciation Gene flow is interrupted when a population is divided into geographically isolated subpopulations
Sympatric speciation Even though living in the same area, genetic mutations, habitat changes, or sexual selection of mates leads to new species formation.
Created by: PRO Teacher etucci
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