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Part 1 Vocabulary
TC3 BIOL 105 Final Exam (ch. 19-22)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Paleontology | The study of fossils; was developed in large part by Georges Cuvier |
| Artificial Selection | The selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits |
| Polyploidy | A condition that occurs from accidental cell division, resulting in extra sets of chromosomes |
| Natural Selection | Individuals with certain traits tend to survive longer and reproduce more successfully |
| Molecular Clock | A model that helps estimate the time required for evolution change, based on the observation that some regions of genomes evolve slowly. |
| Relative Fitness | The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the contribution of other individuals |
| Homologous structures | The underlying skeletons of the arms, forelegs, flippers, and wings of different mammals represent variations on a structural theme to demonstrate their common ancestors |
| Vestigial structures | Remnants of features that served a function in the organism's ancestors |
| Hybrid zone | A region in which members of different species meet and mate, producing some offspring mixed of ancestry |
| Prezygotic Barrier | A factor that blocks fertilization from occurring |
| Postzygotic Barrier | A factor that prevents the offspring of different parent species from developing into viable, fertile offspring |
| Heterozygote advantage | Greater reproductive success of heterozygous individuals compared with homozygotes; tends to preserve variation in a gene pool |
| Allopatric speciation | Gene flow is interrupted when a population is divided into geographically isolated subpopulations |
| Sympatric speciation | Even though living in the same area, genetic mutations, habitat changes, or sexual selection of mates leads to new species formation. |