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U1.2
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell | The basic unit of life that carries out all living functions. |
| Cell Wall | A rigid outer layer that provides support and protection; found in plants |
| Central Vacuole | A large storage compartment in plant cells that holds water |
| Chlorophyll | The green pigment inside chloroplasts that captures sunlight for photosynthesis. |
| Chloroplast | An organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis happens |
| Cytoplasm | The jelly-like substance inside the cell that holds organelles in place. |
| Cytosol | The fluid part of the cytoplasm where many chemical reactions occur. |
| Electron Microscope | A powerful microscope that uses electrons to view very small details inside cells. |
| Eukaryote | A cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; includes plants |
| Flagellum (plural: flagella) | A long, tail-like structure that helps some cells move. |
| Golgi Apparatus | An organelle that packages and ships proteins and lipids to their destination inside or outside the cell. |
| Light Microscope | A microscope that uses light to magnify objects, commonly used in classrooms and labs. |
| Lysosome | An organelle that contains digestive enzymes to break down waste and damaged cell parts. |
| Mitochondria | The "powerhouse" of the cell that makes energy (ATP) from food. |
| Nuclear Envelope | The double membrane that surrounds and protects the nucleus. |
| Nucleoid | The area in a prokaryotic cell where the DNA is located (not surrounded by a membrane). |
| Nucleolus | A dense region inside the nucleus where ribosomes are made. |
| Nucleus | The control center of eukaryotic cells that stores DNA. |
| Organelle | A specialized structure inside a cell that performs a specific job. |
| Prokaryote | A simple cell without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; includes bacteria and archaea. |
| Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane) | The flexible boundary that controls what enters and leaves the cell. |
| Ribosomes | Tiny structures that build proteins by linking amino acids together. Present in prokaryotic AND eukaryotic cells |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) | An organelle with ribosomes on its surface where proteins are made and processed. |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) | An organelle without ribosomes that makes lipids and detoxifies harmful substances. |
| Vacuole | A storage structure in cells; in plant cells, it's large and holds water; in animal cells, it's smaller. |
| Vesicle | A small sac that transports materials within the cell. |
Created by:
tfinle
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