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Electrolytes

PATHO 319

TermDefinition
Function of Sodium (Na) in the body main extracellular component of fluid in the body helps to maintain fluid balance
Sodium levels in the body 135-145 MEQ/L
Symptoms of Hypernatremia CNS manifestations- SEIZURE activity, lethargy. neuron shrinkage, confusion, high blood pressure, coma
Symptoms of Hyponatremia CNS manifestation- SEIZURES, tachycardia, muscle cramps, fatigue, hypotension
Function of Potassium (K) in the body main intracellular component of fluid in the body involved in nerve function and muscle control (contractions), cardiac rhythms, synthesis of ATP
Symptoms of Hyperkalemia electrical conduction issues irregular heartbeats ECG changes- tall, peaked T wave, wide QRS complexes, no U-wave
Symptoms of Hypokalemia Carduac arrhythmias- prolonged PR interval, flattened T wave, prominent U wave postural hypotension, decreased tendon reflexes
Function of Calcium (Ca) in the body bone health and muscle function blood clotting neuromuscular signaling
Symptoms of hypercalcemia cardiac muscle issues: ventricular arrhythmias muscle flaccidity (paralysis) tongue fasciculations (movements that are not normal) muscle waekness
Normal Potassium levels 2.5-5.2 MEQ/L
Normal Calcium levels 8.5-10.5 MG/DL
Symptoms of hypocalcemia Chvostek's sign: facial spasms of the cheek Tousseau's sign; carpal spasm (T shape) numbness or tingling, muscle spasms of the face; body-wide cramps, laryngeal spasm
Function of magnesium in the body respiratory function, lowers BP, enzyme function and nerve function
Magnesium levels in the body 1.5-2.5 MG/DL
Symptoms of hypermagnesia inhibits acetylocholine release; can cause diminished neuromuscular function: hyporeflexia cardiovascular effects: hypotension, arrhythemias
Symptoms of hypomagnesia Respiratory muscle paralysis; complete heart block, coma, insomnia, irregular heartbeat
Function of phosphate in the body bone health and energy production acid-base balance opposite of calcium
Normal phosphate levels in the body 2.5-4.5 MG/DL
Symptoms of hyperphosphatemia paresthesias- numbness, tingling feeling tetany- involuntary muscle contractions, bone pain
Symptoms of hypophosphatemia dysphagia- difficulty swallowing joint stiffness ataxia- difficulty walking bone and joint pain anorexia
Created by: JennaSullivan
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