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Engineering Design
NYS Biology Regents (NYSSLS)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Major Global Challenge | Large-scale problems that affect people worldwide and require engineering solutions. Climate change represents a major global challenge that requires innovative engineering approaches to address. |
| Qualitative Criteria | Non-numerical standards used to evaluate potential solutions. Engineers consider qualitative criteria like user satisfaction and environmental impact when designing solutions. |
| Quantitative Criteria | Numerical standards and measurements used to assess solutions. Quantitative criteria provide objective measures like cost, efficiency, and performance specifications for engineering designs. |
| Constraints | Limitations or restrictions that must be considered when designing solutions. Budget constraints often limit the materials and technologies that engineers can use in their designs. |
| Societal Needs and Wants | What communities require and desire from engineering solutions. Engineers must balance societal needs and wants when designing technologies that serve diverse populations. |
| Complex Real-World Problems | Complicated issues that occur in actual situations and require engineering approaches. Complex real-world problems like urban transportation require interdisciplinary engineering solutions. |
| Criteria and Constraints | Standards and limitations that successful solutions must meet. Engineers must carefully balance criteria and constraints to create solutions that are both effective and feasible. |
| Requirements Set by Society | Standards that communities establish for acceptable solutions. Safety regulations represent requirements set by society to ensure engineering solutions protect public welfare. |
| Risk Mitigation | Reducing potential dangers or negative consequences. Risk mitigation strategies help engineers minimize the potential for harm from new technologies. |
| Quantified | Expressed in numerical terms for measurement and evaluation. Engineering specifications must be quantified so that success can be objectively measured and verified. |
| Global Challenges | Worldwide problems such as clean water, food supply, and energy sources. Global challenges require international cooperation and innovative engineering solutions to address effectively. |
| Supplies of Clean Water | Access to safe, drinkable water for human use. Engineering solutions for supplies of clean water include filtration systems, desalination plants, and water treatment facilities. |
| Food Supply | Adequate nutrition available for populations. Agricultural engineering works to improve food supply through better crop varieties and farming technologies. |
| Energy Sources | Methods of generating power that minimize environmental pollution. Engineers are developing renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels and reduce environmental impact. |
| Minimize Pollution | Reducing harmful effects on the environment. Modern engineering designs aim to minimize pollution through cleaner production processes and waste reduction. |
| Local Communities | Smaller groups where global challenges may appear in specific ways. Local communities often provide testing grounds for engineering solutions to global problems. |
| New Technologies | Recent innovations that can impact society and the environment. New technologies in artificial intelligence and biotechnology are creating both opportunities and challenges for society. |
| Deep Impacts | Significant effects that may not have been predicted. Social media had deep impacts on human communication that were not fully anticipated by its creators. |
| Analysis of Costs and Benefits | Examining both positive and negative aspects of technological decisions. Engineers conduct analysis of costs and benefits to help decision-makers choose appropriate technologies. |
| Critical Aspect of Decisions | Essential part of choosing appropriate technologies. Environmental impact has become a critical aspect of decisions about which technologies to develop and deploy. |
| Design Solution | An engineered approach to solving a complex problem. A well-designed solution addresses multiple aspects of a problem while staying within given constraints. |
| Breaking Down Problems | Dividing large challenges into smaller, manageable parts. Breaking down problems allows engineering teams to tackle complex challenges systematically. |
| Smaller, More Manageable Problems | Reduced-scale issues that are easier to address through engineering. Large infrastructure projects are divided into smaller, more manageable problems that individual teams can solve. |
| Student-Generated Sources of Evidence | Information and data collected by learners during investigations. Engineering education emphasizes student-generated sources of evidence to develop critical thinking skills. |
| Scientific Knowledge | Understanding based on scientific principles and research. Engineers apply scientific knowledge to create practical solutions that work reliably in real-world conditions. |
| Prioritized Criteria | Standards ranked in order of importance. Engineers must establish prioritized criteria to make decisions when different goals conflict with each other. |
| Trade-off Considerations | Decisions about which factors to emphasize when others must be sacrificed. Trade-off considerations help engineers balance competing demands like cost, performance, and environmental impact. |
| Simpler Criteria | Reduced standards that can be approached systematically. Complex design goals are often broken down into simpler criteria that can be measured and achieved. |
| Approached Systematically | Tackled using organized, methodical processes. Engineering problems are approached systematically using established design methodologies and testing procedures. |
| Priority of Certain Criteria | Ranking which standards are most important. Safety often takes priority over other criteria in engineering design decisions. |
| Evaluate a Solution | Assess how well a proposed approach addresses the problem. Engineers must evaluate solutions using both quantitative measurements and qualitative assessments. |
| Range of Constraints | Various limitations including cost, safety, reliability, and aesthetics. Successful engineering designs must satisfy a range of constraints that may sometimes conflict with each other. |
| Cost | The financial expense of implementing a solution. Cost considerations often determine which engineering solutions can be practically implemented. |
| Safety | Protection from harm or danger. Safety requirements ensure that engineering solutions protect users and the general public from harm. |
| Reliability | Dependability and consistent performance of a solution. Reliability is essential for engineering systems that people depend on for critical functions. |
| Aesthetics | Visual appeal and design attractiveness. Aesthetics matter in engineering design because attractive solutions are more likely to be accepted by users. |
| Social Impacts | Effects on human communities and relationships. Engineers must consider social impacts to ensure their solutions improve rather than disrupt community life. |
| Cultural Impacts | Effects on traditions, beliefs, and ways of life. New technologies can have significant cultural impacts that engineers should consider during the design process. |
| Environmental Impacts | Effects on natural systems and ecosystems. Environmental impacts are increasingly important factors in engineering design decisions. |
| Computer Simulation | Digital models |
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etucci
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