Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Lesson 2-Vocab
The Musculoskeletal System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acetabulum | also known as the hip socket; is the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint. |
| allogeneic | originating within another. |
| ankylosing spondylitis | (AS) is a type of arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae. |
| arthrodesis | also known as surgical ankylosis, is the surgical fusion (joining together) of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder. |
| arthroscopy | the visual examination of the internal structure of a joint. |
| autologous | originating within an individual. |
| avascular necrosis | also known as osteonecrosis, is an area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow, often to the hip. |
| callus | forms as a bulging deposit around the area of the break—this tissue eventually becomes bone. Also, a thickening of the skin caused by repeated rubbing. |
| chondromalacia | the abnormal softening of cartilage. |
| comminuted fracture | the bone is splintered or crushed. Comminuted means crushed into small pieces. |
| compression fracture | occurs when the bone is pressed together (compressed) on itself. |
| costochondritis | an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum. |
| crepitation | also known as crepitus, is the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together. |
| dual x-ray absorptiometry | (DXA) is a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density. |
| fat embolus | can form when a long bone is fractured due to an accident or surgery, and fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood. |
| gout | also known as gouty arthritis, is a type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by deposits of urate crystals in the joints; often the big toe. |
| hallux valgus | also known as a bunion, is an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe (hallux is Latin for big toe, and valgus means bent). |
| hemarthrosis | blood within a joint. |
| hematopoietic | pertaining to the formation of blood cells. |
| internal fixation | also known as open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), is a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place. |
| juvenile idiopathic arthritis | (JIA), formerly called juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, is an autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue. |
| kyphosis | an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side. |
| laminectomy | the surgical removal of the lamina, or posterior portion, of a vertebra. This procedure, also known as decompression surgery, relieves pressure on the spinal cord by enlarging the spinal canal. |
| lordosis | an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine. |
| lumbago | also known as low back pain (LBP) is the general term for pain in the lumbar region of the spine. |
| malleolus | a rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint (plural, malleoli). |
| manubrium | the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum. |
| metacarpals | the five bones that form the palms of the hand. |
| metatarsals | form that part of the foot to which the toes are attached. |
| multiple myeloma | a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making plasma cells found in the red bone marrow. |
| open fracture | also known as a compound fracture, is one in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin. |
| orthopedic surgeon | also known as an orthopedist, is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles. |
| orthotic | a mechanical appliance, such as a shoe insert, leg brace, or a splint, which is specially designed to support, control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function. |
| osteitis | an inflammation of a bone. |
| osteoarthritis | (OA), also known as wear-and-tear arthritis, is most commonly associated with aging. |
| osteochondroma | a benign bony projection covered with cartilage. |
| osteomalacia | also known as adult rickets, is abnormal softening of bone in adults |
| osteomyelitis | an inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone. |
| osteopenia | thinner-than-average bone density |
| osteoporosis | (OP) is a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity frequently associated with aging. |
| osteoporotic hip fracture | also known as a broken hip, is usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur spontaneously or as the result of a fall. |
| Paget’s disease | a chronic bone disease of unknown cause named for Sir James Paget. The condition is characterized by the abnormal breakdown of bone, usually in the pelvis, skull, spine, and legs, followed by abnormal bone formation. |
| pathologic fracture | occurs when a bone breaks under normal strain. This is due to bones being weakened by osteoporosis or a disease process such as cancer. |
| percutaneous vertebroplasty | performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures. |
| podiatrist | holds a Doctor of Podiatry (DP) or Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (DPM) degree and specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot. |
| polymyalgia rheumatica | an inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs |
| prosthesis | a substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated (plural, prostheses). |
| radiculopathy | a condition caused by the compression of a nerve in the spine, sometimes referred to as a pinched nerve. |
| rheumatoid arthritis | (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked. |
| rickets | a deficiency disease occurring in children. This condition is characterized by defective bone growth resulting from a lack of vitamin D necessary for the body to maintain calcium and phosphorous levels in the bones. |
| scoliosis | an abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine. |
| spina bifida | a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it. Spina means referring to the spine. Bifida means split. |
| spinal stenosis | a narrowing of the spaces within the spine, potentially putting pressure on the nerves and spinal cord that may cause pain. |
| spiral fracture | a complete fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart. |
| spondylolisthesis | the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it. |
| spondylosis | also known as spinal osteoarthritis. This degenerative disorder can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function. |
| stem cell transplant | also known as a bone marrow transplant (BMT), is used to treat certain types of cancers, such as leukemia and lymphomas. |
| subluxation | the partial displacement of a bone from its joint. |
| synovectomy | the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint, usually the knee. |
| vertebrae | The spinal column consists of 26 vertebrae. Each of these bony units is known as a vertebra, and the term vertebral means pertaining to the vertebrae. |
| abduction | the movement of a limb (arm or leg) away from the midline of the body. |
| adduction | the movement of a limb (arm or leg) toward the midline of the body. |
| adhesion | a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally. |
| ataxia | the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement. |
| atonic | lacking normal muscle tone or strength. |
| atrophy | weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures. |
| bradykinesia | extreme slowness in movement. |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | symptoms occur when the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel into the hand are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen. |
| chronic fatigue syndrome | (CFS) is a disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems; a debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity. |
| circumduction | the circular movement at the far end of a limb. |
| compartment syndrome | involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the compartment, an enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles in the arm or leg |
| contracture | the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues. |
| dorsiflexion | the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle. |
| dyskinesia | distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions. |
| dystonia | a movement disorder characterized by the involuntary and sometimes repetitive contraction of certain muscles. |
| electromyography | (EMG) is a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation. |
| epicondylitis | inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow. |
| ergonomics | the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment. |
| exercise physiologist | a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness. |
| fasciitis | inflammation of a fascia. |
| fibromyalgia | a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms |
| ganglion cyst | a benign, fluid-filled lump that usually occurs on the outer surface of the wrist or hand, sometimes as a result of a past injury. |
| heel spur | a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus (heel) bone, causing pain that is often mistaken for plantar fasciitis. |
| hemiparesis | a weakness or slight muscle paralysis affecting one side of the body. |
| hemiplegia | total paralysis affecting only one side of the body. |
| hernia | occurs when tissue, such as part of an internal organ, protrudes through a weak area in the muscle normally containing it. |
| hyperkinesia | also known as hyperactivity, is abnormally increased muscle function or activity. |
| hypotonia | a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles. |
| impingement syndrome | also known as rotator cuff tendinitis, occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint. |
| innervation | the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve. |
| insertion | where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon; in contrast to the origin, the insertion is the more movable attachment, and it is the farthest point from the midline of the body. |
| intermittent claudication | (IC) pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest. |
| muscular dystrophy | this general term describes a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system. |
| myasthenia gravis | a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction (where the neuron activates the muscle to contract) and produces weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles, especially in the eye, face, and throat. |
| myoclonus | the quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles. |
| myofascial release | a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome. |
| myoparesis | weakness or slight muscular paralysis. |
| myorrhaphy | surgical suturing of a muscle. |
| neuromuscular | pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle. |
| oblique | slanted or at an angle |
| origin | where the muscle begins, and it is located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton. The origin is the less movable attachment. |
| paralysis | the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply (plural, paralyses). |
| paraplegia | also known as partial paralysis, is the paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body. |
| physiatrist | a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function. |
| plantar fasciitis | also known as plantar fasciopathy, is an inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot; this condition causes foot or heel pain when walking or running. |
| polymyositis | (PM) is a muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body. |
| pronation | the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward. |
| quadriplegia | also known as tetraplegia, is paralysis of all four extremities. |
| sarcopenia | the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging. |
| shin splint | a painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia (shin bone). |
| singultus | also known as hiccups, is myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm. |
| sphincter | a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway. |
| sprain | an injury to a joint, such as an ankle, knee, or wrist, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn. |
| tendinopathy | the general term for irritation or degeneration of a tendon in any joint, for example in the rotator cuff. |
| tenodesis | surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone. |
| tenolysis | the release of a tendon from adhesions. |
| tenosynovitis | inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon. |
| tenotomy | surgical cutting of a tendon to provide release or allow lengthening. |
| torticollis | also known as wryneck, is a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side. |
| transverse | in a crosswise direction. |
Created by:
jls017
Popular Nursing sets