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NUHS Embryology
Embryology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Introduced the concept of souls in his studies of development | Plato (427-347 B.C.) |
| First person to conduct systematic observations using chicken embryos and recognized that there are many ways organisms reproduce. | Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) |
| Father of Embryology - published a detailed study of chicken embryology. | Volcher Coiter (1514-1576) |
| Best known for his work on blood, expanded and corrected Aristotle's work, coined the term "epigenesis" and his greatest contribution his idea of "omne vivum ex ova" that is "all life is from an egg" | William Harvey (1578-1657) |
| Discovered "animalcules" in semen. Argued that tiny preformed humans were already present in the animalcules. Led to the Preformationist period leading to the argument of which sex produces the homunculus. | Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) |
| Chief Ovists of that day were | Malpighi and Swamerdam |
| Put an end to Preformationism with the first successful artificial insemination using frog eggs | Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799) |
| First person to demonstrate morphogenesis. He saw the development of structure out of structureless yolk material | Caspar Friedrich Wolff (1738-1794) |
| Introduced the concept of "vis Vitalis"and immaterial virtue or life force. Vitalism supposedly explained how structure could develop from an amorphous state. This concept brought about serious attempts to discover the nature of this force | Friedrich Blumenbach (1742-1840) |
| Made significant strides in descriptive embryology searching for the vital force. He was the first person to note the many similarities between the embryos of vertebrates particularly amniotes. | Carl Ernst von Baer (1792-1876) |
| Leading authority in embryology during the late 1800's. He developed the concept of Ontogeny recapitulates Phylogeny - Individual developmental progresses through the adult stages of the organism's ancestors | Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) |
| Developed germ plasm theory. Published his idea of self reproducing determinants as the guiding agent in morphogenesis. Proposed that these determinants were on chromosomes and cell differentiation was the result of cells acquiring different chromosomes | August Weismann |
| Conducted the first rigorous experimental procedures on living embryos. He discovered the process of induction. Won the Nobel prize for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryology | Hans Spemann (1869-1941) |
| A grad student assisting Hans Spemann by studying the role of the dorsal lip of the blastopore but died the year of publication | Hilde Proescholdt Mangold |
| Another to work with frogs as a model organism | Wlihelm Roux (1850-1924) |
| Worked with star sea urchins as model organism | Hans Driesch (1867-1941) |
| Worked with fruit flies as model organisms | Thomas Hunt Morgan (1866-1945) |
| The female germ cell or sex cell produced in the ovaries before maturation | Oocyte |
| When the oocyte matures it is called | Secondary oocyte or mature ovum |
| Refers to the male germ or sex cell produced by the testes (testicles) | Sperm (Spermatozoa) |
| When fertilization is complete, the oocyte becomes a | Zygote |
| A secondary oocyte is an ovum being impregnated by a sperm this expression is termed | Fertilized Ovum |
| Gestational age begins | The first day of the LNMP |
| Fertilization age begins | 2 weeks after the LNMP |
| Mitotic cell division/Cleavage of the zygote forms embryonic cells called | Blastomeres |
| The size of the early embryo _________ because the blastomeres become ___________ with each succeeding cell division | Stays the same, smaller |
| When 12 to about 32 blastomeres have formed, this ball of cells, as a result of cleavage of the zygote is formed | Morula |
| After the morula passes from the uterine tube into the uterus a change occurs to convert the morula into a fluid filled cavity called a | Blastocyst |
| The blastocyst contains an inner cell mass that will form the embryo called a | Embryoblast |
| The developing human during its early stages of development lasting to the end of the 8th week at which time the beginnings of major structures are present | Embryo |
| The entire products of conception from fertilization onward (embryo or fetus and its membranes e.g. placenta) | Conceptus |
| The beginning or first discernible indication of an organ or structure | Primordium |
| The developing human week 9 through birth | Fetus |
| A period consisting of 3 calendar months | Trimester |
| The most critical stages of development occur during the | First trimester |
| The term referring to expulsion from the uterus of an embryo or fetus before it is viable and able to survive outside the uterus | Abortion |
| Unregulated cell division | Cancer |
| Interphase is a phase of the ____________ NOT a stage of ____________ | Cell cycle, mitosis |
| Part of interphase that occurs after cytokinesis, before the start of DNA synthesis where only one centrosome is present | G1 (Gap 1) |
| Part of Interphase when DNA is synthesis (DNA replicates) | S (Synthesis) |
| Part of Interphase before mitosis where two centrosomes are present in the late stages | G2 (Gap 2) |
Created by:
oneirishgirl
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