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7th Grade Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atom | the smallest particle of an element |
| chemical formula | represents the type and number of atoms present in a particular substance |
| chemical symbol | one or two letters representing a chemical element |
| compound | composed of two or more different elements that are chemically combined |
| element | a pure substance composed of the same type of atom throughout |
| molecule | refers to the simplest unit of a chemical compound that can exist; formed when two or more atoms combine chemically |
| pure substance | either an element or a compound, with a fixed composition and properties |
| subscript | small numbers written below and to the right of a chemical symbol in a formula, indicating the number of atoms |
| aqueous solution | a solution with water as the solvent |
| chemical change | a change in matter that produces a new substance |
| solute | substance that is dissolved into another substance |
| solvent | substance which another substance is dissolved in |
| rate of dissolution | the length of time it takes for a certain amount of solute to dissolve in a solution |
| agitation | mixing or stirring a liquid or mixture |
| precipitate | an insoluble solid that emerges from a liquid solution |
| physical change | change which alters the physical properties of a substance without changing its identity |
| solubility | the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance, such as sugar dissolving in water |
| average speed | total distance an object traveled by the total time it has traveled |
| displacement | how far an object has moved from its original position; the difference between the final and initial positions |
| motion | an object changes its position |
| velocity | speed in a direction |
| acceleration | change in speed and or direction |
| balanced forces | equal and opposite forces on an object that result in no change in position, direction, or motion; combined net force equals zero |
| net force | the combination of all forces acting on an object |
| Newton's First Law | an object will remain in its current state of motion or at rest unless an outside net force acts on it |
| unbalanced forces | unequal forces acting on an object; results in a change in position, direction, or motion; combined net force does not equal zero |
| friction | a force that resists the relative motion of two objects in contact |
| conduction | the transfer of thermal energy between objects in direct contact with each other |
| convection | the transfer of thermal energy through currents in liquids and gases |
| radiation | the transfer of thermal energy from a light source (e.g., Sun, fire, light bulb, and burner) to an object or a substance |
| thermal equilibrium | two substances in the same system exchange no thermal energy and are at the same temperature |
| kinetic energy | property of a moving object or particle and depends not only on its motion but also on its mass. |
| temperature | a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles within a substance or system. |
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