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4-1: Evidence
Evidence for evolution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| common ancestry | The idea that different species today came from the same ancestor in the past. |
| biological evolution | The process where living things change over time, often leading to new species. |
| empirical evidence | Information we get from observations, experiments, or data that helps us understand science. |
| DNA sequences | The order of building blocks (called bases) in a DNA strand that carry genetic instructions. |
| anatomical structures | Body parts of living things, like bones or organs, that can be compared to show relationships between species. |
| embryological development | The way an organism grows and changes before it is born or hatches, which can show similarities between species. |
| derivable | Something that can be figured out or discovered using evidence or reasoning. |
| amino acid sequences | The order of amino acids in a protein, which is based on DNA and can be compared between species to show how closely related they are. |
| embryo | a very early stage of development in a living thing, right after a sperm and egg join and before it becomes a baby or full-grown organism. |
| adult | a fully grown living thing. It has finished developing and can usually reproduce. |
| Genetic evidence | information from DNA that shows how living things are related or how traits are passed down. |
| Physical evidence | includes things we can see or touch, like bones or body parts, that help scientists learn about living things from the past. |
| common ancestor | a living thing from the past that two or more species came from. It’s like a great-great-grandparent that different species share. |
| Ancestral | something that came from an ancestor. It describes traits or features passed down from earlier generations. |
| Extinct | a kind of living thing no longer exists anywhere on Earth. |
| transitional fossil | shows features of two different groups of living things. It helps scientists understand how one group changed into another over time. |
| common ancestor | a species that gives rise to two new species, shows the unity of life (what we have in common) |
| homologous structures (divergent evolution) | different body structures shared between closely related species |
| Analogous structures (convergent evolution) | distantly related species that have structures with a similar function |
| embryology | developing embryos of vertebrate animals have many structures in common |
| vestigial organs | structures that have no current functions, but support evolutionary relationships |
| artificial selection/selective breeding | humans choose which individuals to breed, based upon traits desired by humans (not natural selection) |
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