Things people do that affect the environment, like farming, building cities, and using natural resources.

The growth of cities as more people move into them, often changing the land and environment.

Structures built to block rivers, usually to store water or make electricity, but they can also affect ecosystems.

Plants or animals that are brought to a new place where they don’t belong and can harm the local environment.

Ideas or actions that help fix environmental problems.

Models or computer programs that show what might happen in real life, used to study ecosystems or test solutions.

technological innovations

New tools or machines created by people to solve problems or make life easier, sometimes used to help the environment.

Laws made by governments to protect the environment or control human activities.

anthropogenic changes

Changes in the environment that are caused by humans, like pollution or deforestation.

When natural areas where animals and plants live are damaged or removed, often by building or farming.

Harmful substances added to the air, water, or land that can hurt living things.

Using natural resources too much or too quickly, like overfishing or cutting down too many trees.

Long-term changes in Earth’s temperature and weather patterns, mostly caused by human activities like burning fossil fuels.

To interrupt or mess up how something normally works, like when pollution impacts a food chain.

The process where new species form over time, usually because of changes in the environment or isolation.

When a species completely dies out and no longer exists.

When there are too many individuals in one area, which can lead to a lack of resources like food and water.

How much energy or food is made by plants and passed through an ecosystem.

Activities people do for fun, like hiking or fishing, which can affect the environment if not managed well.

Limits or challenges that make it harder to solve a problem, like not having enough money or space.

How much money, time, or resources something takes to do or build.

How well something protects people and the environment from harm.

How well something works over time without failing.

How nice or attractive something looks, which can matter when designing parks or green spaces.

How a decision or action affects people and communities.

Activities people do for fun, like hiking or fishing, which can affect the environment if not managed well.

environmental impacts

How a decision or action affects nature, including animals, plants, air, water, and land.

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2-7: Human Impacts

Human impact on ecosystems

Term	Definition
human activities	Things people do that affect the environment, like farming, building cities, and using natural resources.
urbanization	The growth of cities as more people move into them, often changing the land and environment.
dams	Structures built to block rivers, usually to store water or make electricity, but they can also affect ecosystems.
invasive species	Plants or animals that are brought to a new place where they don’t belong and can harm the local environment.
solutions	Ideas or actions that help fix environmental problems.
simulations	Models or computer programs that show what might happen in real life, used to study ecosystems or test solutions.
technological innovations	New tools or machines created by people to solve problems or make life easier, sometimes used to help the environment.
legislation	Laws made by governments to protect the environment or control human activities.
anthropogenic changes	Changes in the environment that are caused by humans, like pollution or deforestation.
habitat destruction	When natural areas where animals and plants live are damaged or removed, often by building or farming.
pollution	Harmful substances added to the air, water, or land that can hurt living things.
overexploitation	Using natural resources too much or too quickly, like overfishing or cutting down too many trees.
climate change	Long-term changes in Earth’s temperature and weather patterns, mostly caused by human activities like burning fossil fuels.
disrupt	To interrupt or mess up how something normally works, like when pollution impacts a food chain.
speciation	The process where new species form over time, usually because of changes in the environment or isolation.
extinction	When a species completely dies out and no longer exists.
overpopulation	When there are too many individuals in one area, which can lead to a lack of resources like food and water.
productivity	How much energy or food is made by plants and passed through an ecosystem.
recreational	Activities people do for fun, like hiking or fishing, which can affect the environment if not managed well.
constraints	Limits or challenges that make it harder to solve a problem, like not having enough money or space.
cost	How much money, time, or resources something takes to do or build.
safety	How well something protects people and the environment from harm.
reliability	How well something works over time without failing.
aesthetics	How nice or attractive something looks, which can matter when designing parks or green spaces.
social impacts	How a decision or action affects people and communities.
cultural impacts	Activities people do for fun, like hiking or fishing, which can affect the environment if not managed well.
environmental impacts	How a decision or action affects nature, including animals, plants, air, water, and land.

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