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Chapter 15-19
Med-Surg Mental Health
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Body dysmorphic disorder | mental health condition in which you can't stop thinking about one or more perceived defects or flaws in your appearance |
| Body identity integrity disorder (BIID) | the term given to people who feel “overcomplete,” or alienated from a part of their body and desire amputation. This condition is also known as amputee identity disorder and apotemnophilia, or “amputation love” |
| Compulsions | ritualistic or repetitive behaviors or mental acts that a person carries out continuously in an attempt to neutralize anxiety |
| Excoriation disorder, skin-picking, also known as dermatillomania | categorized as a self-soothing behavior; that is, the behavior is an attempt of people to soothe or comfort themselves, not that picking itself is necessarily a positive sensation. |
| Trichotillomania | or chronic repetitive hair-pulling, is a self-soothing behavior that can cause distress and functional impairment |
| Exposure | involves assisting the client in deliberately confronting the situations and stimuli that they usually avoid. |
| Response prevention | behavioral technique that focuses on delaying or avoiding performance of rituals in response to anxiety-provoking thoughts |
| Oniomania | or compulsive buying |
| Onychophagia | or chronic nail-biting |
| Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) | tool used to screen for symptoms of movement disorders (side effects of neuroleptic medications) |
| alogia | a lack of any real meaning or substance in what the client says |
| anhedonia | having no pleasure or joy in life; losing any sense of pleasure from activities formerly enjoyed |
| avolition | absence of will, ambition, or drive to take action or accomplish tasks |
| catatonia | psychomotor disturbance, either motionless or excessive motor |
| cultural concepts of distress | ways in which people experience distress |
| anergia | lack of energy |
| electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) | used to treat depression in select groups such as clients who do not respond to antidepressants or those who experience intolerable medication side effects at therapeutic doses |
| euthymic | normal or level mood |
| hypertensive crisis | a life-threatening condition that can result when a client taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) ingests tyramine-containing foods and fluids or other medications |
| hypomania | a period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood lasting 4 days; does not impair the ability to function and does not involve psychotic features |
| kindling | the snowball-like effect seen when a minor seizure activity seems to build up into more frequent and severe seizures |
| labile emotions | rapidly changing or fluctuating, such as mood or emotions |
| mania | a distinct period during which mood is abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable |
| mood disorders | pervasive alterations in emotions that are manifested by depression or mania or both |
| pressured speech | unrelenting, rapid, often loud talking without pauses |
| Psychomotor agitation | increased body movements and thoughts |
| rumination | repeatedly going over the same thoughts |
| seasonal affective disorder (SAD) | winter depression (spring at times) |
| dystonic reactions | extrapyramidal side effect of antipsychotic medication; includes acute muscular rigidity and cramping, a stiff or thick tongue with difficulty swallowing, and, in severe cases, laryngospasm and respiratory difficulties |
| echolalia | repetition or imitation of what someone else says; echoing what is heard |
| echopraxia | imitation of the movements and gestures of someone an individual is observing |
| idioms of distress | how people communicate distress to one another |
| latency of response | refers to hesitation before the client responds to questions |
| neuroleptics | antipsychotic medications |
| polydipsia | excessive water intake |
| antisocial personality disorder | characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others and with the central characteristics of deceit and manipulation |
| avoidant personality disorder | characterized by a pervasive pattern of social discomfort and reticence, low self-esteem, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation |
| borderline personality disorder (BPD) | pervasive and enduring pattern of unstable interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affect; marked impulsivity; frequent self-mutilation behavior |
| character | consists of concepts about the self and the external world |
| cognitive restructuring | therapy that focuses on changing the way one thinks about or interprets one’s self, relationships, and/or environment |
| confrontation | technique designed to highlight the incongruence between a person’s verbalizations and actual behavior; used to manage manipulative or deceptive behavior |
| decatastrophizing | a technique that involves learning to assess situations realistically rather than always assuming a catastrophe will happen |
| dependent personality disorder | characterized by a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, which leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation |
| dysphoric | mood that involves unhappiness, restlessness, and malaise |
| histrionic personality disorder | characterized by a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking |
| limit setting | behavioral limit (describing the unacceptable behavior), identifying the consequences if the limit is exceeded, and identifying the expected or desired behavior |
| narcissistic personality disorder | a pervasive pattern of grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, and lack of empathy |
| nonsuicidal self-injury | intentional physical damage to the body, such as cutting or burning; results from self-harm urges or thoughts |
| obsessive–compulsive personality disorder | a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with perfectionism, mental and interpersonal control, and orderliness at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency |
| paranoid personality disorder | characterized by pervasive mistrust and suspiciousness of others |
| passive-aggressive behavior | negative attitude and a pervasive pattern of passive resistance to demands for adequate social and occupational performance |
| personality disorders | when personality traits become inflexible and maladaptive and significantly interfere with how a person functions in society or cause the person emotional distress |
| positive self-talk | technique in which the client changes thinking about the self from negative to positive |
| schema therapy | designed to help one deal with unmet emotional needs |
| schizoid personality disorder | a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression in interpersonal settings |
| schizotypal personality disorder | a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with and reduced capacity for close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and behavioral eccentricities |
| temperament | the biologic processes of sensation, association, and motivation that underlie the integration of skills and habits based on emotion |
| thought stopping | cognitive–behavioral technique to alter the process of negative or self-critical thought patterns |
| 12-step program | based on the philosophy that total abstinence is essential and that alcoholics need the help and support of others to maintain sobriety |
| blackout | an episode during which the person continues to function but has no conscious awareness of their behavior; usually associated with alcohol consumption |
| codependence | a maladaptive coping pattern on the part of family members or others that results from a prolonged relationship with the person who uses substances |
| denial | defense mechanism; clients may deny directly having any problems or may minimize the extent of problems |
| designer drugs | synthetic substances made by altering existing medications or formulating new ones not yet controlled by the FDA; amphetamine-like effects, some also have hallucinogenic effects; called club drugs |
| detoxification | the process of safely withdrawing from a substance |
| dual diagnosis | client with both substance abuse and another psychiatric illness |
| enabling | behaviors that seem helpful on the surface but actually perpetuate the substance use of another |
| flushing | reddening of the face and neck as a result of increased blood flow |
| hallucinogens | substances that distort the user’s perception of reality and produce symptoms similar to psychosis, including hallucinations |
| inhalants | diverse group of drugs including anesthetics, nitrates, and organic solvents that are inhaled for their effects |
| opioids | controlled drugs; often abused because they desensitize the user to both physiological and psychological pain and induce a sense of euphoria and well-being; some are prescribed for analgesic effects |
| polysubstance abuse | abuse of more than one substance |
| spontaneous remission | natural recovery that occurs without treatment of any kind |
| stimulants | drugs that stimulate or excite the central nervous system |
| tapering | administering decreasing doses of a medication, leading to discontinuation of the drug |
| tolerance | the need for increased amount of a substance to produce the same effect |
| tolerance break | very small amounts of a substance will produce intoxication |
| withdrawal syndrome | refers to the negative psychological and physical reactions that occur when use of a substance ceases or dramatically decreases |
| ambivalence | Holding seemingly contradictory beliefs or feelings about the same person, event, or situation |
| neurotransmitter | the chemical substances manufactured in the neuron that aid in the transmission of information throughout the body |
| active listening | concentrating exclusively on what the client says, refraining from other internal mental activities |
| affect | the outward expression of the client's emotional state |
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