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Bio Exam Unit 4
Cell membrane and cell transportation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the cell membrane? | Boundary between the cell and its environment |
| What does the cell membrane do? | Controls what enters and leaves the cell--- maintaining homeostasis |
| What is Selective Permeability? | allows some things in/out, but not others |
| What is the structure of the phospholipid bilayer? | Polar heads (hydrophilic - love water) and Two fatty acid tails (nonpolar - hydrophobic) |
| What 3 kinds of proteins are in the cell membrane? | Transport proteins, enzymes and receptors |
| What do transport proteins do in the cell membrane? | Allows things to enter/leave |
| What do enzymes do in the cell membrane? | Catalyze reactions! |
| What do receptors do in the cell membrane? | Help cells recognize signals |
| What do carbohydrates do in the cell membrane? | Help cells recognize each other |
| What part of the cell membrane are carbs usually attached to? | a protein |
| What does cholesterol do in the cell membrane? | Maintains membrane fluidity/flexibility |
| What negative effect can too much cholesterol have on the cell membrane? | It can make it less permeable |
| Concentration | Amount of solute in a given volume of solution |
| Solute | what is being dissolved |
| Solution | solute dissolved in a substance |
| Active Transport | ENERGY needed |
| Passive Transport | NO ENERGY needed |
| In passive transport which way do molecules move? | Molecules move from an area of HIGH concentration to LOW concentration ( “down” the concentration gradient) |
| What are the examples of active transport? | Transport proteins, endocytosis, and exocytosis |
| What are the examples of passive transport? | Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion |
| What happens in diffusion? | Small molecules pass through the phospholipid bilayer |
| What movement happens in diffusion? | HIGH concentration to LOW (“down the concentration gradient”) |
| Is diffusion passive or active? | Passive |
| What are 2 examples of diffusion? | A smell in a room and dye in water |
| At what point does diffusion stop? | When concentration inside the cell equals concentration outside the cell (reach EQUILIBRIUM)! |
| What is the equilibrium in diffusion? | When concentration inside the cell equals concentration outside the cell |
| What is osmosis? | Diffusion of water through the membrane (Water can freely diffuse) |
| How does water move in osmosis? | HIGHER water concentration to LOWER (“Down the concentration gradient”) |
| Is osmosis passive or active? | passive |
| What is an isotonic solution? | Concentration of solutes is the same inside and outside the cell |
| Which direction does water move in an isotonic solution? | Water moves IN and OUT of the cell |
| What happens to the cell size with an isotonic solution? | Cell doesn’t change in size |
| What is a hypotonic solution? | Lower concentration of solutes outside the cell than inside the cell. |
| Which direction does water move in a hypotonic solution? | Water moves INTO the cell |
| What happens to the cell size with a hypotonic solution? | The cell will swell (get bigger) |
| What are two examples of hypotonic solutions? | Distilled water and freshwater |
| What is a hypertonic solution? | Higher concentration solutes outside the cell than inside the cell |
| Which direction does water move in a hypertonic solution? | Water moves OUT OF the cell |
| What happens to the cell size with a hypertonic solution? | Cell will shrink (get smaller) |
| What is one example of a hypertonic solution? | Salt water |
| What type of solution is pure water? | Hypotonic |
| What could happen if an animal cell is placed in pure water (hypotonic solution)? | It could swell too much and burst! |
| What is cytolysis? | If placed in pure water (hypotonic solution), there is a danger that they could swell too much and burst! |
| Why don't plant cells burst with pure water? | The cell wall prevents the plant cell from bursting! |
| What is turgor pressure? | Water pressure inside plant as water flows into central vacuole |
| What does turgor pressure allow plants to do? | Gives plants the ability to stand up |
| What happens with a loss of turgor pressure in plants? | central vacuole shrinks and plants wilt |
| What do plants require to maintain turgor pressure? | hypotonic solution |
| What happens in facilitated diffusion? | Large molecules travel through protein channels |
| What movement happens in facilitated diffusion? | HIGH to LOW concentration (down the concentration gradient) |
| Is facilitated diffusion passive or active? | Passive |
| What is an example of facilitated diffusion? | Glucose |
| What happens if you put salt on a snail? | Sprinkling it with salt draws the water out, and the slug dies of dehydration. |
| In active transport which way do molecules move? | LOW to HIGH concentration (Substances move AGAINST concentration gradient) |
| What is required for passive transport? | Requires Cellular Energy (ATP) |
| What do carrier proteins do? | Move charged molecules from low to high concentration |
| What do carrier proteins require? | energy |
| What is Endocytosis? | Membrane folds in and forms a vesicle around a molecule, then pinches off and brings it into the cell |
| What is phagocytosis? | Endocytosis of solids - “cell eating” |
| What is Pinocytosis? | Endocytosis of liquids - “cell drinking” |
| What is Exocytosis? | Vesicle inside cell fuses to cell membrane and releases contents out of the cell |
| What would a cell get rid of during exocytosis? | Waste and proteins |
Created by:
suiter.mayhew
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