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Biology chapter six
NC biology chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Atom | the smallest particle of an element that has the characteristics of that element |
| Element | Substance that can't be broken down into simpler chemical substances |
| Proton | positively charged particles that make up nuclei |
| Neutron | particles that have no charge that make up nuclei |
| Electron | negatively charged particles that surround nuclei, and are held by their attraction to the positively charged nucleus |
| Ion | atom or groups of atoms that gain or lose electrons; has an electrical charge |
| Compound | substance composed of atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically combined |
| Molecule | group of atoms held together by covalent bonds; has no overall charge |
| Lipids | large organic compounds made mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen; examples are fats, oils, waxes, and steroids; are insoluble in water and used by cells for energy storage, insulation, and protective coatings, such as membranes |
| Nucleic Acids | complex biomolecules, such as RNA and DNA, that store cellular information in cells in the form of a code |
| Solution | mixture in which one or more substances (solute) are distributed evenly in another substance (solvent) |
| Base | any substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water and has a pH above 7 |
| pH | measure of how acidic or basic a solution is; the scale ranges from below 0 to above 14; solution with pH above 7 is basic and pH below 7 is acidic |
| Enzyme | type of protein found in all living things that changes the rate of chemical reactions |
| ATP | (adenosine triphosphate) energy-storing molecule in cells composed of an adenosine molecule, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups; energy is stored in the molecule's chemical bonds and can be used quickly and easily by cells |
| DNA | (deoxyribonucleic acid)a nucleic acid; the master copy of an organism's information code that contains the instructions used to form all of an organism's enzymes and structural proteins |
| Protein | large, complex polymer essential to all life composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur; provides structure for tissues and organs and helps carry out metabolism |
| Carbohydrate | organic compound used by cells to store and release energy; composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| Amino Acids | basic building blocks of protein molecules |
| Covalent bond | chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons |
| Ionic bond | chemical bond formed by the attractive forces between two ions of opposite charge |
| Acid | any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water and has a pH below 7 |
| Energy | the ability to cause change; organisms use energy to perform biological functions |
| Mixture | combination of substances in which individual components retain their own properties |
| Polarity | having an unequal distribution of charge; having a positive end and a negative end |
| Hydrophobic | tending to repel and not absorb water; tending not to dissolve or mix with water |
| Hydrophilic | having a strong affinity for water; tending to dissolve in, mix with, or be wet by water |
| Catalyst | speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy needed |
| Activation energy | the energy required to initiate a chemical reaction |
| Endergonic/Endothermic | (of chemical reaction) absorbing energy in the form of heat |
| Exergonic/Exothermic | (of chemical reaction) giving off energy in the form of heat |
Created by:
lamm
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