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Legal Terms
Equivalent to Spanish
| English | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Legal procedure | procedimiento legal |
| Legal process | proceso legal |
| Escheat | Reversión al estado |
| Amicus curiae | Amigo de la corte |
| Prima facie | a primera vista |
| Pro bono | trabajador gratuito |
| Recuse | Recusar |
| Mens rea | Intención delictiva |
| Actus reus | Acto delictivo |
| Stare decisis | Precedente judicial |
| Quid pro quo | algo por algo, compensación, contrapartida |
| Malfeasance | malversación |
| Misfeasance | omisión |
| Mitigating circumstances | ircunstancias atenuantes |
| Legal malpractice | negligencia legal |
| Strict liability | responsabilidad objetiva |
| Class action | demanda colectiva |
| Discovery process | proceso de revelación de pruebas |
| Ex parte | sin notificar a la otra parte |
| Motion to dismiss | moción para desestimar |
| Motion for summary judgement | moción de juicio sumario |
| Voir dire: Jury selection questioning process. | selección del jurado/Examen preliminar |
| Peremptory challenge | recusación sin causa |
| Litigation | litigio |
| statute of limitations | plazo de prescripción |
| Garnishment | embargo de salario |
| probative value | valor probatorio |
| Rebuttal | refutación |
| Res judicata | cosa juzgada |
| Estoppel | impugnación por actos previos |
| Retainer agreement | contrato de retención |
| Legal standing | legitimación activa |
| Restitution | resarcimiento |
| Severability clause | Cláusula de divisibilidad |
| Legal recourse | Recurso legal |
| Force majeure | Fuerza mayor |
| Breach of fiduciary duty | Incumplimiento del deber fiduciario |
| Admissible evidence | Evidencia admisible |
| Chain of custody | Cadena de custodia |
| Impeach a witness | Impugnar un testigo |
| Sanctions | Sanciones |
| Due diligence | Diligencia debida |
| Executor | Albacea |
| Revocable trust | Fideicomiso revocable |
| Legal capacity | Capacidad legal |
| Unlawful detainer | Retención ilícita |
| Wrongful termination | Despido injustificado |
| Non-compete clause | Cláusula de no competencia |
| Arbitration clause | Cláusula de arbitraje |
| Legal injunction | Interdicto/Mandato judicial |
| Declaratory relief | Desagravio declaratorio |
| Court of equity | Tribunal de equidad |
| Lien | Gravamen |
| Stare decisis | Precedente judicial |
| Adjudicate | Adjudicar |
| Jurisprudence | Jurisprudencia |
| Interlocutory | Interlocutorio |
| Aggravating factors | Factores agravantes |
| Contempt of court | Desacato al tribunal |
| Interpleader | Interposición de demanda por terceros |
| Declaratory judgment | Sentencia declarativa |
| Lawyer/ Attorney: one who is legally appointed to transact business on another's behalf. | Abogado |
| Client | Cliente |
| Case: A legal dispute brought before a court. | Caso |
| Lawsuit | Demanda |
| Legal advice | Asesoría legal |
| Court | Tribunal / Corte/ juzgado |
| Judge | Juez |
| Hearing | Audiencia |
| Evidence | Evidencia / Prueba |
| Defendant /acussed | Acusado / Demandado |
| Plaintiff | Demandante |
| Legal document | Documento legal |
| Affidavit: A sworn written statement. | Declaración jurada (escrita) |
| Contract | Contrato |
| Settlement | Acuerdo |
| Trial | Juicio |
| Verdict: The final decision in a trial | Verdicto |
| Sentence | Sentencia / Condena |
| Fine | Multa |
| Court date | Fecha de corte |
| Legal fees | Honorarios legales |
| Testimony | Testimonio |
| Subpoena: A writing commanding a person designated in it to appear in court under a penalty for failure. | Citatorio / Citación/Comparecencia |
| Legal representation | Representación legal |
| Legal rights | Derechos legales |
| Public defender | Defensor público |
| Private attorney | Abogado privado |
| Legal system | Sistema legal |
| Innocent | Inocente |
| Guilty | Culpable |
| Bail: Also called Bond. Money or property given to the court for the temporary release of a defendant, to ensure that the defendant will return to court. | Fianza |
| Custody | Custodia |
| Divorce | Divorcio |
| Child support | Pensión alimenticia |
| Visitation rights | Derechos de visita |
| Immigration case | Caso de inmigración |
| Criminal case | Caso penal |
| Civil case | Caso civil |
| Family court | Corte de familia |
| Supreme court | Corte suprema/Tribunal Supremo |
| Appeal: Legal proceeding by which a case is brought before a higher court for review of the decision of a lower court | Apelación |
| Arrest: The act of taking someone into custody. | Arresto/Detención |
| Charges | Cargos |
| Dismissed | Desestimado |
| Prosecutor | Fiscal |
| District attorney | Fiscal del distrito |
| Legal guardian | Tutor legal |
| Paralegal | Asistente legal |
| Legal aid | Asistencia legal |
| Legal dispute | Disputa legal |
| Power of attorney | Poder legal / Poder notarial |
| Will | Testamento |
| Estate | Herencia / Patrimonio |
| Inheritance | Herencia |
| Probate | Legalización de testamento |
| Notary public | Notario público |
| Legal obligation | Obligación legal |
| Restraining order | Orden de restricción |
| Custody agreement | Acuerdo de custodia |
| Court order | Orden judicial |
| Jury | Jurado |
| Jury duty | Servicio de jurado |
| Legal case file | Expediente legal |
| Courtroom | Sala del tribunal |
| Court clerk | Secretario del tribunal |
| Court reporter | Taquígrafo judicial |
| Objection | Objeción |
| Sustained | Concedida (objeción) |
| Overruled | Denegada (objeción) |
| Legal notic | Notificación legal |
| Deposition: Testimony taken outside of court. | Declaración (jurada) |
| Injunction | Interdicto / Mandato judicial |
| Legal responsibility | Responsabilidad legal |
| Breach of contract | Incumplimiento de contrato |
| Harassment | Acoso |
| Discrimination | Discriminación |
| Employment law | Ley laboral |
| Tenant | Inquilino |
| Landlord | Propietario / Arrendador |
| Eviction | Desalojo |
| Small claims court | Tribunal de reclamos menores |
| Civil rights | Derechos civiles |
| Due process | debido proceso |
| Legal name | Nombre legal |
| Legal status | Estatus legal |
| Legal issue | Asunto legal |
| Court fees | Gastos judiciales |
| Legal complaint | Queja legal |
| Legal form | Formulario legal |
| Legal support | Apoyo legal |
| Writ of habeas corpus | Recurso de hábeas corpus |
| Tort | Agravio |
| Indemnify | Indemnizar |
| Acquit: To find a defendant not guilty of a crime | Absolver |
| Adjourn: To suspend a session indefinitely or to another time or place | Suspender, aplazar |
| Adjudication: A decision or sentence imposed by a judge. | Arbitraje |
| Allegation: A claim made in a legal case. | Alegación |
| Alleged offender: A person accused but not convicted | Presunto delincuente |
| Antecedents: A person’s previous legal history. | Antecedentes |
| Appellant: The party appealing a decision or judgment to a higher court | Solicitante, apelante |
| Apprehend: Refers to the act of law enforcement officers arresting, detaining, or taking someone into custody, usually based on suspicion of a crime or a legal warrant. | Detener |
| Assault: In law, assault generally refers to an intentional act that causes another person to fear imminent harm or offensive contact, even if no physical contact occurs. | Asalto, agresión |
| Bench | Estrado, magistratura |
| Beyond reasonable doubt | Mas alla de toda duda razonable |
| bond: Also called Bond. Money or property given to the court for the temporary release of a defendant, to ensure that the defendant will return to court. | Fianza |
| Breach: A violation of a legal duty. | incumplimiento |
| Case conference | Conferencia del caso |
| Cause of action | Causa de acción |
| Claim | Reclamo |
| Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) | Television de Circuito Cerrado (CCTV) |
| Closed court | Tribunal a puerta cerrada |
| Closing statement | Declaración de cierre |
| Complaint | Demanda, querella |
| Constable | Alguacil |
| Conviction | Condena |
| Counsel | Abogado, asesor legal |
| count | cargo |
| Counterclaim | Contrademanda |
| Court officer | Funcionario Judicial |
| Crime | Delito |
| Criminal History | Historial delictivo |
| Cross examination Questioning by a party or the attorney of an adverse party or a witness. | Contrainterrogatorio |
| Defense | Defensa |
| Deliberation: Jury discussion to reach a verdict | Deliberación |
| Denial | Denegación, negación, negativa |
| Deputy: A person authorized to act on behalf of another, especially in legal or governmental matters. They may have delegated authority to make decisions, represent a superior, or carry out official duties. | Delegado, adjunto |
| Determination: Refers to a final decision made by a court or administrative agency regarding an issue, case, or claim, essentially resolving a legal dispute. | Decisión, fallo |
| Docket number: A unique number the court clerk assigns to a case. | Número de expediente |
| Examination: Questioning of a witness. | Interrogatorio |
| Exhibit: To submit (something, such as a document) to a court or officer in course of proceedings | Prueba |
| Felony: Any criminal offense for which a person may be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of more than of one year. | Delito mayor |
| Forensic evidence | Prueba forense |
| Forensic medical examination: A medical exam used in legal cases. | Examen médico forense |
| Hung jury: A jury that cannot reach a verdict. | Jurado en desacuerdo |
| Inadmissible: Evidence that cannot be used in court. | Inadmisible |
| Issue: A point of dispute in a case. | Cuestión, asunto |
| Juror: A member of a jury. | Jurado |
| Justice of the Peace (JP): A magistrate handling minor cases. | Juez de paz |
| Legal argument: Reasoning presented in court. | Argumento legal |
| Matter: A legal issue | Asunto, caso |
| Misdemeanor: A crime that carries a maximum penalty of one year and/or a $2,000 fine. | Delito menor |
| Mistrial: A trial that is invalid due to an error. | Juicio nulo |
| Motion: Usually, written request to the court in a case. Filed with the clerk’s office. | Moción |
| No further proceedings: When a case is not continued. | No más procedimientos |
| Oath: A solemn attestation of the truth or inviolability of one's words | Juramento |
| Parliament: The legislative body of a country. | Parlamento |
| Parole: Release from incarceration after serving part of a sentence. | libertad condicional |
| Parties: individuals or entities in a case | Partes |
| Plea: A defendant's formal response to charges | Declaración (de culpabilidad o inocencia) |
| Plead: An accused persons answer to a criminal charge. For example: not guilty; guilty; no contest. | Declararse |
| Pleadings: Written documents filed in a case. | Alegatos |
| Preponderance of evidence: The standard of proof in civil cases. | Preponderancia de pruebas |
| Probable cause: Reasonable grounds for making an arrest. | Causa probable |
| Probation: When a convicted offender receives a suspended term of incarceration and is then supervised by a probation officer for a period of time set by a judge. | libertad vigilada |
| Prosecution: To carry on a case or judicial proceeding. To proceed against a person criminally. | Enjuiciamineto |
| Public gallery: The area for spectators in a courtroom. | Galería pública |
| Rest: To finish presenting evidence in a trial. | Concluir presentación |
| Re-trial: A second trial after a mistrial or appeal. | Nuevo juicio |
| Right to silence | Derecho a guardar silencio |
| Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP): Is the federal and national law enforcement agency of Canada, responsible for policing at the federal level and, in some provinces and municipalities, at the provincial and local levels. | Policía Montada Real de Canadá |
| Sentence: The penalty imposed by a judge after the defendant is convicted of a crime. | Sentencia |
| Sentencing: The punishment given to a guilty person. | Sentencia |
| Sheriff's officer: A law enforcement officer in court. | Oficial del alguacil |
| Summary hearing: A trial for minor offenses. | Juicio sumario |
| Summing up: The final argument in a trial | Resumen final |
| Summon: A legal paper that is used to start a civil case and get jurisdiction over a party. | Orden de comparecencia |
| Summons: A legal notice to appear in court | Citación judicial |
| Transcript: A written record of court proceedings | Transcripción |
| Unanimous verdict: A verdict agreed upon by all jurors. | Veredicto unánime |
| Unrepresented: A person without a lawyer in court. | Sin representación |
| Victim | Víctima |
| Witness | Testigo |
Created by:
Lucy.N
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