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Unit 2 Vocab
Unit 2 Humans Vs. Bacteria
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Adaptation | a modification of an organism or its parts that makes it more fit for existence. An adaptation is passed from generation to generation |
| Advantage | a trait or characteristic that increases an organism's likelihood of survival and reproduction in its environment. These traits are often inherited and contribute to an organism's "fitness," meaning its ability to thrive and reproduce successfully |
| Antibiotic | substances that inhibit or kill the growth of bacteria. They are typically produced by microorganisms, such as fungi or bacteria |
| Bacteria | single-celled microorganisms that lack a true nucleus and other complex internal structures, making them prokaryotes. They are incredibly diverse and found in various environments, playing both beneficial and harmful roles in ecosystems and human health |
| Biofilms | a slimy layer of microorganisms, like bacteria, that grows on surfaces and is embedded in a self-produced matrix. This matrix, often made of sugars, proteins, and other materials, helps the microbes stick together and to the surface |
| Camouflage | a disguise that allows an organism to blend into its surroundings and avoid being seen. An organism's shape, pattern, color or even movement are all traits that can provide camouflage |
| Cholera | a bacterial disease that causes severe diarrhea and possible death |
| Competition | when organisms strive for the same limited resources, like food, space, or mates, which can affect their survival and reproduction. |
| Differential Survival | some individuals within a population are more likely to survive and reproduce than others due to their specific traits or adaptations. These traits help them better cope with the environment, making them more "fit" for survival |
| Ecosystem | a system of interacting living things (plants, animals, and microbes) and their non-living environment (soil, water, air, sunlight) within a specific area. It's a community where these biotic and abiotic factors work together |
| Evolution | the process of change in the heritable traits of a population of organisms over successive generations. It's essentially the idea that living things change and adapt over time, driven by genetic variation and natural selection |
| Heritable | a trait that can be inherited or passed down from parents to offspring. Traits are characteristics of a living organism |
| Immunity | the body's ability to resist and defend against infections and diseases. It involves a complex system of cells, proteins, and organs that work together to recognize and neutralize harmful substances, such as bacteria, viruses, and toxins |
| Immune System | a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against foreign invaders, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. |
| Infection | the invasion and multiplication of harmful microorganisms (pathogens) in the body, leading to disease or illness. These pathogens can include bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites |
| Infectious Disease | an illness caused by harmful germs (pathogens) that enter the body and can spread from person to person or from animals to humans. These pathogens can include bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites |
| Microbiome | The collection of all the microorganisms (like bacteria, fungi, and viruses) that live in a particular environment, such as the human body, a soil sample, or an ecosystem. It's essentially a miniature ecosystem of microbes |
| Mutation | a permanent change in the DNA sequence of an organism. These changes can be caused by errors during DNA replication, exposure to harmful substances, or other factors |
| Ourbreak | When there are more disease cases than what is usually expected for a given time, within a specific location, or for a target population |
| Organism | a living thing, such as an animal, plant, fungi, or microorganism. It can be single-celled (unicellular) or made up of many cells (multicellular), and it exhibits the characteristics of life, like reproduction, growth, and response to stimuli |
| Pathogen | a microorganism or agent that can cause disease in a host organism. Pathogens include bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and parasites. They invade the host's body and multiply, leading to various symptoms and infections |
| Pandemic | an epidemic of an infectious disease that spreads across a wide geographical area, such as multiple continents or even globally, affecting a large number of people |
| Population | a group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area and able to interbreed. These individuals share the same environment, resources, and are subject to similar ecological pressures |
| Predator | an organism that captures and eats another (the prey). This act is called predation |
| Reproduce | To create more of an organism. Can be asexual (clones of the parent) or sexual (variation with 2 parents) |
| Selective Pressure | factors that influence the survival and reproductive success of individuals with specific traits within a population. Can be environmental (like predators or climate change) or biological (like competition for resources or disease); can drive evolution |
| Symbiotic | Interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both |
| Theory | a well-substantiated explanation of natural phenomena, supported by a vast body of evidence from various experiments and observations. |
| Trait | a specific feature or characteristic of an organism, often influenced by genes and environment. Traits can be inherited, meaning they are passed down from parents to offspring through genes |
| Transmission | the process by which a pathogen or disease is transferred from one individual or group to another. It encompasses the movement of infectious agents, such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites, from an infected source to a susceptible host |
| Transplant | the process of moving tissues or organs from one location to another, either within the same organism or between different organisms. |
| Variation | differences between individuals of the same species. These differences can be in size, behavior, biochemistry, or coloring. Variation is often attributed to a combination of genetic and environmental factors |
Created by:
LFeldmann
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