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Unit 1 Marathon
UNIT 1 Marathon Runner
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ATP | The main energy-carrying molecule in cells; Produced through cellular respiration in the mitochondria |
| Carbon Dioxide | a naturally occurring gas in the atmosphere, formed when carbon is burned or when living organisms breath out; a clear gas composed of one carbon atom and two atoms of oxygen |
| Cellular Respiration | the process by which cells derive energy from glucose. The chemical reaction for cellular respiration involves glucose and oxygen as inputs, and produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP) as outputs. |
| Circulatory System | The system that contains the heart and the blood vessels and moves blood throughout the body. This system helps tissues get enough oxygen and nutrients, and it helps them get rid of waste products. |
| Diffusion | the movement of molecules in a fluid from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. But a simpler definition might simply be the natural spreading-out of molecules in a liquid or gas |
| Dynamic Equilibrium | the body's ability to maintain a state of equilibrium within its internal environment despite changes in the external environment, known as homeostasis |
| Excretory System | a vital biological system that removes excess and waste products from the body to maintain homeostasis. Most of these products are in fact used and broken down components of metabolism that leave the body in the form of urine, and sweat |
| Fatigue (in muscles) | a temporary decrease in a muscle's ability to produce force, meaning it feels weaker and can't perform as well as it did earlier. It's like the muscle getting tired and not being able to generate as much power as before |
| Feedback Loop/Mechanism | a biological occurrence where the output of a system amplifies the system (positive feedback) or inhibits the system (negative feedback). Feedback loops are important because they allow living organisms to maintain homeostasis. |
| Gas Exchange | the process where oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is released from it through diffusion. It's the swapping of these gases between the air, blood, and tissues to keep the body supplied with O2 and rid it of waste CO2 |
| Glucose | the main type of sugar in the blood and is the major source of energy for the body's cells. Glucose comes from the foods we eat or the body can make it from other substances |
| Homeostasis | the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external world. It's like a built-in thermostat that keeps things like body temperature, blood sugar, and fluid levels within a narrow, healthy range |
| Hypertonic Solution | a solution that has a higher concentration of solutes (like salt or sugar) compared to another solution or a cell. This means there's a greater number of solute particles outside a membrane compared to inside, so water will move out of the cell |
| Hypotonic Solution | a solution that has a lower concentration of solute compared to another solution, typically a cell. This means that water will move into the cell from the hypotonic solution, causing the cell to swell or potentially burst |
| Inference | Drawing a conclusion about something based on observed evidence |
| Insulin | a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels. It acts as a key that allows glucose (sugar) from the bloodstream to enter cells, where it is used for energy. Insulin is essential for maintaining proper blood sugar balance |
| Isotonic | an isotonic solution has the same solute concentration as body fluids, meaning there's no net movement of water into or out of cells. This is important for maintaining cell volume and function, as seen in red blood cells |
| Lactic Acid | a byproduct of cellular metabolism, specifically when the body is short on oxygen and needs to produce energy quickly. Produced when glucose is broken down without enough oxygen (anaerobic respiration) |
| Metabolic Processes | the chemical reactions within a living organism that convert food into energy and build and repair body tissues. |
| Negative Feedback Loop | when the product of a reaction leads to a decrease in that reaction. In this way, a negative feedback loop brings a system closer to a target of stability or homeostasis. An example is thermoregulation |
| Nervous System | a complex network of cells (nerves), tissues, and organs (brain and spinal cord) that controls and coordinates all bodily functions. It receives information from the environment and sends signals to muscles, glands, and other organs to respond accordingly |
| Observation | a process where one uses their senses or instruments to gather information about the natural world |
| Osmoregulation | the process by which organisms maintain a balanced level of water and dissolved salts (ions) in their body fluids. This balance is crucial for the proper functioning of cells and tissues |
| Osmosis | The movement of water molecules across a membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. This movement is driven by the need to equalize the concentration of water on both sides of the membrane |
| Oxygen | A colorless, odorless gas. It is needed for animal and plant life. Oxygen that is breathed in enters the blood from the lungs and travels to the tissues |
| Positive Feedback Loop | amplifies or intensifies a response, moving a system further from its initial state. Unlike negative feedback, which aims to counteract a change and return to a set point, positive feedback drives a process forward, often to completion |
| Phenomenon | An observable process or event that occurs in living organisms or their environment. |
| Qualitative Data | describes the characteristics and qualities of something, like the color, shape, or texture of a biological sample, or the presence or absence of a specific feature. It's information based on descriptive attributes rather than measurable quantities |
| Quantitative Data | information expressed numerically, representing measurements or counts of biological phenomena. It's essentially data that can be counted or measured, like the number of cells, the length of an organism, or the concentration of a substance |
| Respiratory System | the biological system in the body responsible for gas exchange, specifically taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide. It includes organs like the nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, all working together to facilitate this vital process |
| Solute | a substance that can be dissolved into a solution by a solvent. A solute can take many forms. It may be in the form of a gas, a liquid, or a solid |
| Solution | a homogeneous mixture where one substance is dissolved in another, resulting in a uniform composition throughout. The substance that dissolves (the solute) is dispersed evenly within the dissolving substance (the solvent) |
| Sovent | a substance that dissolves another substance (a solute) to create a solution. Think of it as the "dissolving medium". Water, for example, is a common solvent in biology |
| Thermoregualtion | the process by which an organism maintains a stable internal body temperature, despite fluctuations in the surrounding environment; crucial for the proper functioning of processes, as many enzymes and reactions work best within a narrow temperature range |
Created by:
LFeldmann
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