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Space Systems 1

NYS Earth & Space Sciences

TermDefinition
Big Bang Theory The leading explanation about how the universe began. It suggests that the universe was once extremely hot and dense and expanded rapidly Supported by evidence such as the cosmic microwave background radiation and the distribution of galaxies.
Emission Spectra An emission spectrum consists of a series of colored lines that correspond to wavelengths emitted by the glowing gas. This data can help determine the composition of a star.
Electromagnetic Spectrum The complete range of electromagnetic waves, arranged by frequency or wavelength, including gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves, and radio waves.
Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) Diagram A graphical representation of stars, showing the relationship between the stars' luminosities versus their stellar classifications or effective temperatures.
Solar flares Sudden releases of electromagnetic energy from the Sun's surface that can affect space weather and satellite communications.
Sunspot cycle An approximately 11-year periodic variation in the number of sunspots on the Sun's surface.
Red shift The phenomenon where light from distant galaxies appears shifted toward longer wavelengths, indicating they are moving away from us. Used in astronomy to determine the movement of stars and galaxies.
Blue shift The phenomenon where light from distant galaxies appears shifted toward shorter wavelengths, indicating they are moving toward us. Used in astronomy to determine the movement of stars and galaxies.
Main Sequence Star A star that is in the longest stable phase of its life cycle, where it fuses hydrogen into helium in its core. Our sun is an example.
White Dwarfs Remnants of stellar objects that have exhausted their nuclear fuel and shed their outer layers, leaving behind a dense core.
Low-mass Stars Celestial bodies like the Sun, Proxima Centauri, and Barnard's Star, typically less than twice the mass of the Sun.
Galaxy A massive, gravitationally bound system consisting of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter. Ours is the Milky Way.
Nucleosynthesis The process that creates new atomic nuclei from pre-existing nucleons (protons and neutrons). This occurs in the interiors of stars, where elements heavier than hydrogen are formed.
Supernova A powerful and luminous explosion of a star at the end of its life cycle. It significantly increases the brightness of the star and results in the release of most of its material into space.
Elliptical orbits The oval-shaped paths that planets and other celestial objects follow as they orbit the Sun.
Life Cycle of a Star The stages a star goes through from its formation in a nebula to its potential end as a white dwarf, neutron star, or black hole. The cycle includes stages such as protostar, main sequence, red giant, and supernova.
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Thermal radiation left over from the time of recombination in Big Bang cosmology. It is considered a critical piece of evidence for the Big Bang Theory.
Wavelength The distance between successive crests of a wave, typically measured in meters; it determines the wave's energy and is inversely related to frequency.
Nanometer A unit of length equal to one billionth of a meter, commonly used to measure wavelengths of light.
Visible Spectrum The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is the human eye can see, ranging from approximately 400 to 700 nanometers, and perceived as different colors.
Ultraviolet Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays. Can cause sunburn
Infrared Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than visible light but shorter than microwaves. Often experienced as heat and used in night-vision equipment..
Doppler Effect The change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer moving relative to the source of the wave, commonly observed in sound waves and light waves.
Created by: PRO Teacher etucci
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