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Classification

QuestionAnswer
Mouth Ingests soil containing organic matter
Pharynx Muscular; sucks in food
Esophagus Connects pharynx to crop
Crop Temporary food storage
Gizzard Grinds soil/food using sand particles
Intestine Absorbs nutrients from food
Anus Expels undigested material
Stomach Upper abdomen - digests food using acid and enzymes
Pancreas Behind stomach - controls blood sugar and makes digestive enzymes
Kidney Lower back - filters blood, makes urine, balances fluid
Spleen Upper left abdomen - filters blood and helps fight infection
Diaphragm Below lungs - helps you breathe by moving air in and out...Muscle that separates chest and abdominal cavity; contracts to aid breathing.
Lungs Chest - takes in oxygen, removes carbon dioxide
Classification Grouping organisms based on similarities.
Taxonomy Scientific discipline of naming and classifying organisms.
Aristotle Grouped organisms by habitat or physical characteristics.
Domains Bacteria, Eukarya , Archaea
Vertebrates Have a backbone (e.g. pigs, humans, sharks).
Invertebrates No backbone (e.g. worms, insects, jellyfish).
Symmetry Asymmetry: No symmetry; Radial: Body parts arranged around a central point; Bilateral: Divided into mirrored halves.
Cephalization Concentration of nervous tissue/sensory organs in the head region.
Germ Layers Form tissue layers in embryonic development: Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm.
Earthworm Classification Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Annelida (segmented worms), Example: Lumbricus terrestris.
Umbilical cord Connects fetus to placenta for nutrient/waste exchange.
Anterior Toward the head.
Posterior Toward the tail.
back side dorsal
Ventral Belly side.
Esophagus Carries food to stomach.
Stomach Breaks down proteins with acid/enzymes.
Liver Produces bile. Detoxifies blood.... Upper right abdomen - cleans blood, makes bile, stores energy
Gallbladder Stores and secretes bile to small intestine.
Pancreas Produces insulin and digestive enzymes.
Porifera Asymmetrical, sessile, filter-feeders, asexual/sexual. Examples: Sponges.
Nematoda Roundworms, pseudocoelomates, complete digestive tract. Examples: Ascaris, pinworm.
Annelida Segmented worms, coelomates, closed circulation. Examples: Earthworms, leeches.
Mollusca Soft body, often with shell, coelomates. Examples: Snails, clams, squid.
Arthropoda Exoskeleton, jointed appendages, segmented. Examples: Insects, crabs, spiders.
Chordata Dorsal nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal slits, post-anal tail. Examples: Humans, pigs, fish.
Indeterminate Cleavage Deuterostomes (humans included); cells can become any type. Can lead to twins or complete organisms if split. Examples: chordates (including pigs, humans).
Pseudocoelomate Body cavity partially lined by mesoderm (e.g. roundworms).
Coelomate Body cavity fully lined with mesoderm (e.g. humans, pigs, annelids).
Right Atrium Location: Upper right side of the heart (from the heart's point of view, not yours). Function: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava. Sends blood to: Right ventricle.
Right Ventricle Location: Lower right chamber. Function: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. Walls are thinner than the left ventricle because it only pumps to lungs.
Left Atrium Location: Upper left side. Function: Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. Sends blood to: Left ventricle.
Left Ventricle Location: Lower left chamber. Function: Pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body through the aorta. Has the thickest muscle wall because it needs to generate high pressure for systemic circulation.
Created by: 27cw1591
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