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3-2: Variation
inheritable genetic variations results from four processes
Term | Definition |
---|---|
inheritable genetic variations | Differences in DNA that can be passed from parents to their children, which can affect traits like eye color or height. |
genetic combinations | The mix of genes that a child gets from both parents, which makes each person unique. |
meiosis | A special kind of cell division that makes sex cells (sperm and eggs), each with half the usual number of chromosomes. |
mutations | Changes in DNA that can happen naturally or from the environment. Some mutations have no effect, while others can cause diseases or new traits. |
genetic engineering | A process where scientists change an organism’s DNA to give it new traits, like making crops resistant to pests. |
biotechnology | The use of living things or their parts (like cells or DNA) to make products or solve problems, such as making medicine or improving food. |
sexual reproduction | A way of making offspring that involves two parents, where the offspring get a mix of genes from both. |
DNA replication | The process where a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA before it divides. |
sex cells | Special cells (sperm in males and eggs in females) that are used in sexual reproduction and carry half the genetic information. |
modified genetically | When the DNA of an organism has been changed on purpose, usually to give it new abilities or traits. |