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3-1: Role of DNA

Role of DNA in passage of traits from parents to offspring.

TermDefinition
chromosomes Thread-like structures found in the nucleus of cells that carry genetic information (DNA) passed from parents to offspring.
coding DNA Parts of DNA that contain instructions for making proteins, which help determine traits like eye color or blood type.
traits Characteristics or features of an organism, such as hair color, height, or the ability to roll your tongue, that are passed down from parents.
non-coding DNA Parts of DNA that do not make proteins but can still have important roles, like helping control when and how genes are used.
expressed When a gene is "turned on" and used by the cell to make a protein, which can affect how the body looks or works.
regulatory functions Jobs done by parts of DNA or proteins that help control when, where, and how much a gene is used.
structural functions Jobs done by proteins or other molecules that help build and support parts of the cell or body, like muscles or skin.
Inherited mutation a change in a gene that is passed down from a parent to their child. It can sometimes cause health problems or affect how the body works.
offspring the babies or young that come from parents. In humans, offspring are children.
Sex cells special cells used for reproduction. In humans, these are the egg from the mother and the sperm from the father. Contain one set (haploid) of DNA.
Body cells Contains two sets (diploid) of DNA
Inheritance when traits or characteristics are passed from parents to their children through genes.
gene a small part of DNA that gives instructions for how the body works and looks. Genes decide things like eye color or how tall you might be.
semi-conservative replication the process by which a cell copies its DNA. During replication, both strands of the double helix are used as templates to make complementary, or matching strands of DNA.
transcription DNA's code gets copied into RNA code (mRNA)
messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule that goes out of the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm of a cell
tRNA (transfer RNA) relay molecule that brings an amino acid floating in the cytoplasm to a ribosome
dehydration synthesis bonding together of two molecules to create a macromolecule
mutation change in the nucleotide sequence in the DNA molecule
nucleus Stores all genetic information, found in eukaryotes
nucleotide Building blocks of DNA and RNA, rungs on the DNA ladder
transcription factor a protein that helps turn genes on or off by controlling transcription
genome the complete set of genetic information (DNA) in an organism
Created by: user-1948443
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