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Concepts chapter 7
Concepts 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The Wellness-illness continuum | Ranges from 1-10. a model that illustrates a full range of a person’s health status, from high-level wellness to severe illness. Explains health changes influenced by lifestyle, environment, and other factors. |
| High-Level Wellness | |
| Continuum | Scale |
| When was Dunn's Theory of High-Level Wellness developed? | 1955 |
| Dunn has 2 continuum’s(scales) in his theory , what are they? | Health axis- represents health and wellness Vertical axis- Represents the persons environment |
| Health axis | one end of the continuum is labeled "Peak Wellness," while the opposite end is labeled "Death." |
| Vertical axis | one end of the continuum is labeled "Very Unfavorable Environment," while the opposite end of the continuum is labeled "Very Favorable Environment." |
| 4 Quadrants of Dunn's Theory of High-Level Wellness 1/2 | Protected Poor Health: This occurs when the environment is favorable, but health is not.,• Poor Health: This occurs when both health and environment are not favorable.• |
| 4 Quadrants of Dunn's Theory of High-Level Wellness 2/2 | Emergent High-Level Wellness: This occurs when the environment is not favorable, but health is favorable. High-Level Wellness: This occurs when both the environment and health are favorable. |
| Fitzpatrick's Rhythm Model | health is a dynamic state that results from the interaction of a person and his or her environment. A person's state of health can vary from wellness to illness, disease, or dysfunction, and it changes continuously throughout the person's life span. |
| Healthy People 2030 | Healthy People provides science-based health goals and objectives to improve national health and prevent disease. |
| How often does Healthy People 2030 get revised? | Every 10 years |
| Who does Healthy People 2030 work through | Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotions, part of the Department of Health and Human Services |
| social determinants of health, | location and social situations can affect health |
| Health literacy (also referred to as “the newest vital sign” | refers to the ability of individuals to understand basic nealth information and to use that information to make 500d decisions about their health. |
| acute illness | strikes suddenly and lasts for a limited time 3 months or less. An example of an acute illness would be poisoning |
| appendectomy, | Removal of the appendix |
| chronic illness | lasts for 3 months or longer and is characterized by intensifying or improving symptoms. Chronic illness may require treatment and medications or limitation of a person's activities . An example of a chronic illness would be COPD. |
| remissions, | Complete absence of symptoms |
| exacerbations. | Periods of worsening symptoms |
| prodromal phase | Before symptoms of a specific illness develop, a person may simply "not feel good," with generalized body aches and fatigue. |
| symptomatic phase. | observable symptoms develop |
| seeking help phase. | seek help from a medical professional, such as a physician, physician assistant, or nurse practitioner. However, some people may seek help from healers or herbalist rather than physicians. |
| dependency phase, | a person relies others for help in diagnosis and treatment. The individual not only must depend on others medical care, but they also may be forced to rely others to perform their work or family duties. |
| recovery phase, | when the person is slowly able to resume independence and regain their health. |
| What are the phases of illness? | prodromal phase, symptomatic phase, seeking help phase, dependency phase, and recovery phase |
| Risk Factors for Illness | These are physiological, psychological, or genetic elements that contribute to the development of an illness or disease. |
| Risks factors that can be modified or changed | lifestyle and nutrition. |
| risk factors thatare nonmodifiable, | heredity, age, and sex assigned at birth. |
| Common modifiable risk factor | An increasingly common modifiable risk factor for many illnesses is overwhelming stress and a lifestyle that lacks balance among work, play, and rest. |
| Hans Selye, | developed the response-based model of stress, |
| stress | nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it. |
| stressor; | Any stress-inducing event |
| Adaptation | the ability to positively adjust to changes that occur in an individual's world. |
| The Seven Warning Signs of Cancer 1/2 | Change in bowel or bladder habits • A sore that does not heal • Unusual bleeding or discharge from any body orifice |
| The Seven Warning Signs of Cancer 2/2 | Thickening or a lump in the breast or elsewhere • Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing • Obvious change in a wart or mole • Nagging cough or hoarseness |
| alarm phase. In the response based model of stress | Fight or flight |
| resistance phase, In the response based model of stress | The body works hard trying to resist the threats of stress and to keep working efficiently to prevent illness. |
| exhaustion phase, In the response based model of stress | when the body's resources are depleted and we are most vulnerable to physical and psychological disease. |
| general adaptation syndrome (GAS) | describes the body's attempts to adapt to the stressors we encounter. |
| Anxiety | vague, uneasy feeling that is not centered on a specific source, |
| psychological response to stressors | feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. |
| Fear | identified danger or threat with a real or imagined source, |
| Defense mechanisms | Unconscious reactions to decrease the stress. |
| Avoidance | Unconsciously staying away from events or situations that might open feelings of aggression or anxiety |
| Compensation | Making up for something we feelis inadequate But developing some other admirable traits |
| Conversion reaction | Anxiety is channeled into physical symptoms. (Note: Often, the symptoms disappear soon after the threat is over |
| Denial | Unconscious refusal to see reality Usually, the first defense learned and used Is not consciously Lying |
| Displacement | Transferring anger and hostility to another person or object that is considered less powerful “kick the dog syndrome” |
| Dissociation | Painful events or situations are separated or dissociated from the conscious mind Patients will often say, "I had an out-of-a body experience" |
| Identification | A person takes the identity or personality traits of a person they fear or respect |
| Intellectualization | An individual separates self from uncomfortable emotions by focusing on facts and logic. |
| Isolation | In emotion that is separate from the original feeling |
| Minimization | Not acknowledging or setting the significance of ones own behavior, making it seem less important |
| Projection | Blaming others, a metal or verbal finger pointing at another for the problem |
| Rationalization | Use of a logical-sounding excuse to cover ; up true thoughts and feelings The most frequently used defense mechanism |
| Reaction formation | Similar to compensation , but the person develops the opposite trait |
| Regression | Emotionally returning to earlier time in life When there was far less stress, often seen in patients that are hospitalized |
| repression | unconscious "burying" or forgetting" mechanism Excludes or withholds from our consciousness events or situations that are unbearable;a step deeper than "denial" |
| Restitution | Making amends for a behavior one thinks is unacceptable Making an attempt at reducing guilt |
| Sublimation | Unacceptable traits, or characteristics are diverted into acceptable traits or characteristics |
| Coping strategies, | the actions people use to combat stress, vary from person to person. |
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