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Concepts Chapter 3
Nursing Concepts 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Before you can comfortably make decisions in your nursing practice, you must | determine your own values and ethics. |
| value | related to your belief of something's worth and may differ from the values of others around you. |
| ethics | made up of the values that influence your decisions and behavior. |
| DNAR | do-not-attempt-resuscitation |
| principle that can provide overall guidance during your career | Saftey : never do anything that you know is not in the patients best interest |
| The goal of your nursing care should be | to improve the quality of the patient's living and dying. |
| Ethics and values are determined by | what you believe is morally right and wrong as well as other principles likeThe patient's welfare is our primary concern. And Individuals have the right to make choices, even when those choices may not be in their best interest. |
| ethical dilemma | situation in which a decision must be made between two opposing alternatives when there is not an exact right or wrong answer. |
| Ethical decisions | are not made with one's emotions or feelings but are based on principles and logical reasoning. |
| Patients have the right to be treated with | respect, dignity, honesty, and compassion. |
| A good rule for ethical patient care | treat every patient as you would want to be treated yourself or as you would want important people in your life to be treated. |
| Civility | Treating others with respect, politeness, and courtesy even if you disagree with what they think or believe. |
| advocate | Means to stand up For what is in the patient’s best interest as opposed to what is in the best interest of the healthcare provider, hospital ,or staff |
| Most unethical behaviors are reported to | Your immediate supervisor and the board of nursing |
| You stand up for your patients without | imposing your own values on patients. You must stand with the patient you must stand for the patient and you must stand by the patient always ensuring that everything is done in the patient’s best interest |
| "Patient Care Partnership" (PCP). | The American Hospital Association brochure. discussing the expectations, rights, and responsibilities of the patient during their hospital stay. |
| What is the PCP’s goal | a way of advocating for the patient |
| What topics does the PCP include? | a clean and safe environment, protection of privacy, and help with billing and discharge from the hospital. |
| Empathy | is the awareness of and insight into another person's feelings, emotions, and behaviors, and their meaning and significance. It is different from sympathy, which is usually not objective and involves such a strong feeling of closeness. |
| According to the law in the event a persons heart stops beating | You must provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) |
| The DNAR Is? | A written statement that states not to resuscitate a patient that the health care provider writes. The patient has to request this or if the patient is unable the family may ask the health care provider instead. |
| Ethics Committees | Provide assistance in making difficult decisions regarding patients and their care |
| Abandonment of patient | To desert or forsake a patient in your charge; to leave a patient in your charge without appropriate nursing replacement; wrongful termination of care |
| Advance directive | A written statement indicating a patient's wishes regarding future medical care in the event the patient becomes unable to voice their decisions; it may give consent for certain aspects of care as well as refusal of specific care |
| Appeal | To challenge the decision of a court to a higher court, where the decision will be either confirmed or reversed |
| Assault | To purposely threaten physical harm to an individual |
| Battery | To touch an individual without consent |
| Civil law | The individual or personal rights guaranteed by federal law, such as the Constitution and the Bill of Rights |
| Competency | The legal qualification to make one's own decisions |
| Consent | To give permission for, to agree to; the consent generally must be written |
| Controlled substances | Drugs regulated by laws; drugs that have potential for abuse, such as narcotics |
| Criminal law | Laws that protect the public or society |
| Damages | Money awarded to a plaintiff upon proving injury by the defendant |
| Defendant | The one accused of breaking criminal or civil law |
| Durable medical power of attorney | Legal written designation making another person responsible for one's medical decisions |
| Emancipated minor | Legal consideration of one younger than age 18 years as an adult because the person lives alone and is self-supporting, has joined the military, is married, or is a parent |
| Liability | One's responsibility for their own actions, such as acts of negligence |
| Libel | False written statements about another that are made public with the intent to harm |
| Malpractice | Injury, loss, or damage to a patient because of failure to provide a reasonable standard of care or demonstrate a reasonable level |
| Negligence | Failure to provide certain care that another person of the same education and locale would generally provide under the same circumstances |
| Plaintiff | The one accusing another of criminal or civil law violation |
| Statute | A written law |
| Tort | A violation of a civil law; involves a wrong against an individual or their property |
| Laws vary according to | where they originate (federal, state, or local government) and how they are enforced. |
| Constitutional law | in place to protect our constitutional rights. An example is the U.S. Bill of Rights. |
| Statutory laws | federal, state, or local laws and are sometimes called statutes. Examples include the nurse practice acts (NPAs) that are passed by each state. |
| Case or judicial laws | written in response to specific legal questions brought before the courts. After the question is decided by the courts, it is used as a precedent to judge similar cases in the future. |
| Criminal laws | protect the public or society as a whole. An example of criminal law is a nurse found guilty of murder who intentionally injected a patient with a lethal dose of medication. |
| Civil laws | protect an individual's personal rights, which include most health-care issues. |
| HIPPA | HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT . |
| What is HIPPA | implemented by regulations set by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . It provides for confidential maintenance of protected health information. |
| What two rules does HIPPA include | Privacy and Security rule |
| When was HIPPA established | 1996 |
| Security rule | establishes national standards for protecting electronic health records (EHRs). It also protects health information that is created, received, used, and maintained by a covered entity. |
| Privacy Rule | establishes national standards designed to protect the individual's health information. It applies to insurance plans, billing clearinghouses, and electronic transactions in health care. |
| Privacy rule states | Always check the patient record to see who is approved to receive health information about the patient. Also states patients have the right to view and amend their own health record as well as obtain a copy of the entire patient health record on request. |
| Security rule states | Never share your password with anyone |
| HITECH | HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR ECONOMIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH ACT. |
| When was HITECH established | 2009 |
| Why was HITECH designed | stimulate the adoption of EHR and its supporting technology as part of the stimulus bill. It established grants for training personnel to support new health information technology. |
| By what date does HITECH state health-care providers must use EHR without penalties | 2015 |
| HITECH act contains what rule? | Breach notification rule |
| What’s the breach notification rule? | requires health-care businesses to notify individuals in writing when the individual's private health information is known to have been accessed without authorization. This could happen if the company's computer system is hacked. |
| What happens if use social media in a way that violates your states nurse practice act | You may be required to appear in front of your state board of nursing |
| NCSBN | National Council of State Boards of Nursing |
| What is the NCSBN’s job? | They work together to provide standardization of nursing excellence and protect the public health, safety, and welfare. |
| What is stated Under the nursing license compact agreement? | 25 states allow nurses to practice in their states if they are licensed in other states without having to be processed and licensed again. |
| MANDATORY REPORTING LAWS. | requiring the reporting of certain situations to the proper authorities, particularly communicable diseases and abuse. Such laws are called statutes |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | federal agency that supports health promotion and the prevention of disease. They also help health-care professionals be prepared to respond to outbreaks of diseases and illnesses. |
| All 50states require you report | report to authorities child abuse, including physical, sexual, and emotional/verbal abuse, as well as abuse by neglect, even if such abuse is only suspected. |
| Many states require you report | Domestic violence, gunshot or stab wounds, rapes, and sexual assaults. |
| The most common area of civil law that affects nurses | Tort law |
| What is tort law | deals with claims of injury or harm due to someone else's actions. The following five areas of tort law cover most aspects of nursing care. |
| Malpractice | occurs when a nurse's action fails to meet professional standards of care and injures a patient. |
| Negligence | If a nurse does something that a reasonably prudent person would not do or fails to do something that a reasonably prudent person would do, |
| False imprisonment | Intentionally preventing a patient from leaving a facility or restricting a patient's movement within the facility is considered false imprisonment. |
| Against Medical Advice (AMA) | When a patient leaves without being discharged |
| Restraint devices | can only be used if the patient presents a clear danger to either self or others and other methods of protecting the patient from injury have already been attempted. |
| Examples of restraints | bed rails, tied sheets, wrist or ankle restraints, and vest or halter restraints. Even medications to make a patient less combative |
| Sexual harassment | Sexual harassment is a form of discrimination that violates the Civil Rights Act of 1964. |
| Harassment | continued unwanted or annoying actions. |
| Good Samaritan Law | provides legal protection to the voluntary caregiver at sites of accidents and emergencies. It serves to protect a citizen or nurse from legal liability if they choose to stop and render aid to someone in an emergency situation , not EMS |
| Most Common Reasons for Lawsuits Against LPN/LVNs | Medication-related errors, Treatment and care-related errors, Patient abuse-related errors |
| Less Common Reasons for Lawsuits Against LPN/LVNs | Conduct related error, assessment related errors, Scope of practice related errors, and documentation related errors |
| What are patient medical records considered | Legal documents |
| Patient health records include | data about the patient's health status and health problems as well as the medical and nursing care provided to that patient. |
| Why are patients health records important? | used for communication among health-care providers regarding a specific patient. It serves as a source of information about the patient's condition, test results, care provided, and effectiveness of care, among other things. |
| EHR | Electric health records |
| Informed consent | voluntary agreement made by a well-advised, mentally competent patient to be treated by a health-care provider or institution. |
| Who can’t sign consent forms | A patient that is not mentally competent, or patient under 18 that isn’t an emancipated minor |
| The following people are required to provide their signature on the informed consent form. | The healthcare provider, the patient or legal guardian, and a witness. nurses may only sign as a witness. |
| The only time that medical treatment may be provided without written consent | when a life-threatening emergency exists. |
| implied consent. | The only time that medical treatment may be provided without written consent is when a life-threatening emergency exists. |
| Advance directives | written documents that provide guidelines for making medical decisions in the event a person becomes incapacitated and is unable to make their wishes known. |
| All states recognize two types of advance directives: | proxy directive, such as power of attorney and instructional, such as a living will. |
| Proxy directives | legally designates someone to act as a proxy for the patient; this person makes medical decisions once the patient is unable to make them. requires for the proxy to know what types of care the person does or does not desire, |
| Incident reports | may also be known as unusual occurrence reports or variance reports. They are to be completed in the event of an unusual occurrence or an accident. |
| What should an incident report include? | what happened, who was involved, who witnessed it, and any treatment provided. |
| PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES | being accountable for your actions, securing professional liability insurance, establishing professional boundaries, achieving competence, and following standards of care. |
| When Establishing Professional Boundaries | It is important to make a distinction between advocacy and becoming personally involved with a patient. |
| delegation | "the process for a nurse to direct another person to perform nursing tasks and activities." |
| National Council of State Boards of Nursing Established the five rights in what year | 1997 |
| What are the five rights that the national council of state board of nursing established? | The right task, under the right circumstances, to the right person, under the right direction/ communication, and under the right supervision/ evaluation. |
| Achieving competence | means you are able to perform task successfully and efficiently as a nurse. Which comes with practice and experience. |
| standards of care. | statements of actions that are consistent with minimum safe professional conduct under specific conditions. You may also hear them called standards of performance or clinical guidelines. |
| Standards of care can be found | nursing textbooks, nursing journals, on the websites of nursing accreditation, regulatory agencies and nursing associations, or in facility policy and procedure manuals. |
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angelinaaawhitee
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