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Chapter 3:Rock Cycle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rocks | Make up the earth's crust, that are made of a mixture of minerals and other materials |
| Classifying Rocks | Texture: the look and feel of the rocks surface; the grain: what gives the rock its texture. 1. Grain size 2. Grain shape 3. Grain pattern 4. No visible grain |
| Mineral Composition | Origin: 1. Sedimentary: forms in layers 2. Igneous: forms from magma or lava 3. Metamorphic: formed deep underground |
| Igneous Rocks Classified | Extrusive Rocks: igneous rocks formed from lava that erupted onto Earth's surface Intrusive Rocks: igneous rocks formed from magma that hardens beneath Earth's surface. Texture: depends upon the size and shape of the crystals |
| Porphyritic texture | large crystals surrounded by small crystals, which form when magma cools in two stages. |
| Uses of Igneous Rocks | Basalt: gravel Pumice: cleaning and polishing Perlite: soil mixes Obsidian: sharp tools Granite: building materials |
| Sedimentary Rocks Classified | formed from layers of sediment deposited by water and wind; sediment: small solid pieces of rock or living things. |
| Changing sediments to rocks | Erosion: wind or water carry sediments Deposition: when the water or wind stops carrying the sediments Compaction: presses sediments together Cementation: when dissolved minerals and sediment glue together. |
| Types of Sedimentary Rocks | Clastic Rocks: formed sedimentary rocks are squeezed together Organic Rocks: formed when layers of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers Chemical Rocks: when minerals are dissolved in a solution crystallize |
| Uses of Sedimentary Rocks | Limestone and sandstone: building materials Coal: fossil fuel |
| Metamorphic Rocks Classified | formed from heat and pressure deep beneath the earth's surface change sedimentary and igneous rocks into metamorphic Grains: the arrangement of the grains .Foliated: grains arranged in parallel layers or bands |
| Non-foliated: mineral grains are arranged randomly | |
| Uses of Metamorphic Rocks | Marble: building materials B. Slate: flooring, roofing, chalkboards |
| Changed Rocks | Limestone to marble B. Sandstone to quartzite C. Shale to slate D. Granite to gneiss |
| The Rock Cycle | Forces inside the Earth and at the surface of the Earth produce a rock cycle that builds, destroys, and changes the rocks in the crust. |
| Plate Tectonics | Sub-ducting Oceanic Plates, Plate movements (downward) drive the rock cycle by pushing rocks back into the mantle, where they melt and become magma again. |
| Plate Tectonics 2 | Colliding Continental Plates: Plate movement that causes folds, faulting, and uplifting of the crust that move rocks through the rock cycle. |
| O Horizon (Organic Layer) | This is the uppermost layer, composed of organic matter like decaying leaves, plant matter, and humus. |
| A Horizon (Topsoil) | This is the fertile, dark-colored layer where most plant roots grow, containing a mix of organic matter and mineral particles. |
| E Horizon (Eluvial Layer) | This is a light-colored layer that has been leached of clay, iron, and organic matter as water percolates through the soil. |
| B Horizon (Subsoil | This layer is typically lighter in color than the topsoil and contains minerals and clay that have been leached from the upper layers. |
| C Horizon (Weathered Parent Material) | This layer consists of partially altered bedrock and is the transition zone between the soil and the underlying bedrock. |
| R Horizon (Bedrock) | solid rock layer that lies beneath the soil. |
Created by:
lexif
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