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bioevo micro

.

TermDefinition
micro evolution changes in allele frequencies over many generations
population smallest unit that can evolve (group of organisms that belong to a single species, where individuals share a common gene pool and can interbreed to produce fertile viable offspring. occupying same geographical location
natural selection survival of the fittest, better adapted (greater relative fitness) to survive and reproduce successfully to pass down advantageous alleles to offspring
sources of natural selection 1. spontaneous mutations 2.crossing over in prophase1 of meiosis1 3.independent assortment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis 4.random fertilisation
environmental selection pressures determines result of natural selection in terms of its direction and extent
directional selection shifts distribution of phenotypes to one extreme end, often eliminating the phenotypes on the other end
disruptive selection shifts distribution of phenotypes towards both extreme ends, eliminating immediate phenotypes
stabilising selection favours intermediate phenotype, eliminating both extremes
genetic drift random changes of allele and genotype frequencies, due to chance alone
bottleneck effect phenomenons like natural calamities, diseases or predators destroy large numbers of individuals, causing large-scale temporary reductions in population size Alles underrepresented, over-represented, or completely eliminated.
founder effect phenomenon when one or few individuals take over a new habitat or upon being isolated from their original population by chance Alleles over-repre, under-repre or completely eliminated
gene flow movement of alleles between populations,due to movement of fertile individuals from one population to another and successfully breeding in that new population
Created by: axhlynii
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