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Med Surg II-Module 6

Alterations in Elimination Chapter 48

QuestionAnswer
acute kidney injury (AKI) rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the kidneys; formerly called acute renal failure
acute nephritic syndrome type of kidney disease with gomerular inflammation
acute tubular necrosis (ATN) type of acute kidney injury in which there is damage to the kidney tubules
anuria total urine output less than 50 mL in 24 hours
arteriovenous fistula type of vascular access for dialysis which is created by surgically connecting an artery to a vein
arteriovenous graft type of surgically created vascular access for dialysis by which a piece of biologic, semibiologic, or synthetic graft material connects the patient's artery to a vein
azotemia abnormal concentration of nitrogenous waste products in the blood
chronic kidney disease (CKD) kidney damage or a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate lasting for 3 or more months
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) method of periotneal dialysis whereby a patient manually performs a perscribed number of exchanges or cycles throughout the day
continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) method of peritoneal dialysis in which a peritoneal dialysis machine (cycler) automatically performs exchanges, usually while the patient sleeps
continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) method used to replace normal kidney function in patients who are hemodynamically unstable by circulating the patient's blood through a hemofilter and returning it to the patient
dialysate the electrolyte solution that circulates through the dialyzer in hemodialysis and through the peritoneal membrane in peritoneal dialysis
dialyzer artificial kidney: contains a semipermeable membrane through which particles of a certain size can pass
diffusion movement of solutes (waste products) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
effluent term used to describe the drained fluid from a peritoneal dialysis exchange
end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) final stage of chronic kidney disease that results in retention of uremic waste products and the need fro renal replacement therapies; formerly called end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
exchange denotes a complet cycle including fill, dwell, and drain phases of peritoneal dialysis
glomerular filtration rate (GFR) amount of plasma filtered through the glomeruli per unit of time
glomerulonephritis inflammation of the glomerular capillaries
hemodialysis (HD) procedure during which a patient's blood is circulated through a dialyzer to remove waste products and excess fluid
interstitial nephritis inflammation within the renal tissue
nephrosclerosis hardening of the renal arteries
nephrotic syndrome type of kidney disease with increased glomerular permeability and massive proteinuria
nephrotoxic any substance, medication, or action that is toxic to kidney tissue
oliguria urine output less than 400 mL in 24 hours or less than 0.5 mL/kg/hr over 6 hours
osmosis movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration
peritoneal dialysis (PD) procedure that uses the lining of the patient's peritoneal cavity, the peritoneal membrane, as the semipermeable membrane for exchange of fluid and solutes
peritonitis inflammation of the peritoneal membrane
polyuria excessive urine production
ultrafiltration process whereby water is removed from the blood by means of a pressure gradient between the patient's blood and dialysate
uremia an excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood
urinary casts proteins secreted by damaged kidney tubules
Created by: Blackbeltmom
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