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Biology Final
Biology Final vocabulary
| definition | term |
|---|---|
| cell organelle responsible for photosynthesis. It captures sunlight and transforms it into chemical energy (food for the plant) | chloroplasts |
| cell organelle deemed the power house of the cell. This organelle takes in chemical energy (from food) and concerts it into ATP | mitochondria |
| organelles responsible for storage and waste disposal. In plants it is large and stores water. | vacuole |
| this organelle produces proteins and lipids and transports them. They can be rough or smooth | endoplasmic reticulum |
| the membrane blocks some molecules and allows others to pass through | selective permeability |
| The diffusion of molecules across a membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration with the help of a protein channel or carrier | facilitated diffusion |
| the movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration driven by the concentration gradient. | diffusion |
| make up cell membrane. Has a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail | phospholipid |
| This moves against the concentration gradient. Molecules move from a low concentration to a high concentration. Requires energy | active transport |
| type of transport that does not require energy to move across the membrane: diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis | passive transport |
| single celled organelle that lacks a nucleus and other membrane bond organelles | prokaryote |
| they have a membrane bound nucleus that houses the DNA and they have other membrane bound organelles | eukaryote |
| an alternative form of a gene. For example hair. You can have an allele for straight hair and an allele for curly hair | allele |
| Having two different versions of a gene. having two different alleles (Tt) | heterozygous |
| having the SAME version of a gene. Having two of the SAME allele (TT) (tt) | homozygous |
| both alleles are expressed in the phenotype. For example the black and white allele color in dog fur. The dog has both the black and the white showing. Both colors showed up. | codominance |
| the observable characteristic of a gene. For example ( my blue eyes) I can see that my eyes are blue | phenotype |
| an individuals genetic makeup. The alleles of a gene (Bb) | genotype |
| only expressed when an individual has two recessive alleles (tt) | recessive |
| a way to produce offspring that would result in the same phenotype. For example if I have blue eyes and my husband has blue eyes it would guarantee that my children have blue eyes | purebred |
| a specific characteristic of an individual | trait |
| a table in which all of the possible outcomes for a genetic cross between two individuals with known genotypes are given | punnett square |
| a segment of DNA containing the code for the amino acid sequence | gene |
| a type of genetics inheritance where neither of two alleles for a particular trait is completely dominant over the other. Instead there is a blend. For example I cross red flowers with white flowers and get pink. | incomplete dominance |
| A disaccharide is a carbohydrate made up of TWO monosaccharides | disaccharide |
| large molecules made of amino acids | protein |
| biological catalysts. The accelerate a reaction | enzymes |
| a group of carbohydrates known as simple sugars (monsaccharides) | glucose |
| a macromolecule that provides long term energy storage and signals hormones. Examples include fats, oils, waxes) | lipid |
| a macromolecule found in DNA and RNA Made of Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and Phosphorous | nucleic acid |
| the ending material in a reaction (right hand side of the equation) | product |
| starting material in a reaction (left hand side of equation) | reactant |
| serves as a building block for proteins | amino acid |
| a single molecule | monomer |
| macromolecule used to store energy . Sugar is an example. Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen | carbohydrate |
Created by:
aimeelundy
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