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Semester 2 Review
Ch. 7 & 8, 11, 12, 13
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| radiation | the transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves |
| greenhouse effect | the process by which gases in the atmosphere, such as water vapor and carbon dioxide, absorb and give off infrared radiation |
| conduction | the transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles of matter |
| convection | the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles within matter |
| ocean current | a large volume of water flowing in a certain direction |
| weather | the atmospheric conditions, along with short-term changes, of a certain place at a certain time |
| air temperature | the measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules in the air |
| air pressure | the force that a column of air applies on the air or a surface below it |
| humidity | the amount of water vapor in the air |
| wind | created by the movement of air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure |
| dew point | the temperature at which air is saturated and condensation can occur |
| precipitation | occurs when cloud droplets combine and become large enough to fall back to Earth's surface |
| jet stream | a narrow band of high winds in the troposphere |
| climate | the long-term average weather conditions that occur in a particular region |
| revolution | the orbit of one object around another object |
| gravity | an attractive force that exists between all objects that have mass |
| rotation | the spin of an object around its axis |
| (moon) phase | the portion of the moon or a planet reflecting light as seen from Earth |
| waxing phases | the phases of the Moon in which more of the Moon's near side is lit each night |
| waning phases | the phases of the Moon in which less of the Moon's near side is lit each night |
| solar eclipse | when the Moon's shadow appears on Earth's surface because the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun |
| lunar eclipse | when the Moon moves into Earth's shadow because the Earth passes between the Moon and the Sun |
| ocean tide | the periodic rise and fall of the ocean's surface caused by the gravitational force between Earth and the Moon, and Earth and the Sun |
| solar system | the Sun together with the group of celestial bodies that are held by its attraction and revolve around it |
| ellipse | a stretched out circle; the shape of the planets' orbits |
| geocentric model | a model of the solar system with Earth at the center |
| heliocentric model | a model of the solar system with the Sun at the center |
| astronomical unit | the average distance from Earth to the Sun; about 150 million km |
| terrestrial planets | the planets closest to the sun that are made of rock and metal and have solid outer layers |
| gas giant planets | the planets farthest from the sun that have a thick gas and liquid layer covering a small, solid core |
| apparent magnitude (brightness) | a measure of how bright an object appears from Earth |
| luminosity (absolute brightness/magnitude) | the true brightness of an object |
| star | a large ball of gas held together by gravity with a core so hot that nuclear fusion occurs |
| sunspots | regions of strong magnetic activity that are cooler than the rest of the photosphere and appear as dark splotches on the Sun |
| nebula | a cloud of gas and dust that a star forms from |
| Milky Way galaxy | the spiral galaxy of which the Sun and the solar system are a part |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
erinrhodes
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