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JPN 208 All Grammar
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| "While doing ___" | verb stem + ながら |
| "Without doing ___" | ないで |
| ば form of る verbs | -る + れば |
| ば form of う verbs | potential form -る + ば |
| ば form of な adj + nouns | -だ + なら(ば) |
| ば form of い adj + ない | -い +ければ |
| if, if only | ば form |
| can do, to be able to do | plain verb + ことが出来る |
| something, someone, etc. | question word + か |
| nothing, nowhere, etc. | question word + も |
| anything, anywhere, etc. | question word + でも |
| る verb passive form | stem + られる |
| う verb passive form | negative form - ない + れる |
| くる passive form | こられる |
| する passive form | される |
| indirect evidence/secondhand info | らしい |
| direct evidence | ようだ / みたいだ |
| "Noun 2 that is just like Noun 1" | N1のようなN2 / N1みたいなN2 |
| "As adj/adv as Noun" | N1のようにadj/adv / N1みたいにadj/adv |
| "Noun 2 has typical characteristics of Noun 1" | N1らしいN2 |
| "I don't know, but I think" | んじゃないかとおもう |
| passive form construction | subject は/が + agent に + passive verb form |
| just, only (neutral) | だけ~affirmative |
| just and nothing else | しか~negative |
| expressing appreciation for a favor someone did for you/in group | ~てくれる |
| expressing willingness to help | ~てあげる |
| recipient has benefited from giver's actions | ~てもらう |
| causative る verb | replace る with させる |
| causative う verb | replace ない with せる |
| causative する | させる |
| causative くる | こさせる |
| "Please let me do ~" | request expressions with causative て form |
| "is about to happen" | present tense verb + ところ |
| "is happening" (can only use action verbs) | progressive verb + ところ |
| "has just happened" | past tense verb + ところ |
| verb to use with ところ instead of いく/くる | むかう |
| continuation of an action (main clause) during a specified time span (間 clause) | 間 |
| completion of an action or event (main clause) during a specified time span (間 clause) | 間に |
| stative verb conjugation with 間 | dictionary form |
| action verb conjugation with 間 | progressive form |
| causative passive construction | causeeは causerに causative passive verb |
| causative passive of る verbs/う verbs ending with す | make causative, replace with る with られる |
| causative passive of う verbs | replace ない with させる |
| "Tell/ask/warn someone to make an effort to ~" | plain present verb + ように + いう/たのむ/おねがいする/ちゅういする |
| "I will try to ~" | plain present verb + ようにする |
| "I make it a rule to ~" (effort implied) | plain present verb + ようにしている |
| something in the state of X | X まま |
| まま verb conjugation | plain present negative/plain past affirmative |
| even if, even though | conditional ても |
| no matter who/what/when/where/etc. | question word + ても |
| although, despite | のに |
| のに verb conjugation | plain form |
| rules-based honorific verb conjugation | お + stem + になる |
| rules-based honorific verbal noun conjugation | お/ご + noun + なさる |
| rules-based honorific verb request conjugation | お + stem + 下さい |
| rules-based honorific verbal noun request conjugation | お/ご + noun + 下さい |
| irregular honorific requests ending in になる | replace になる with 下さい |
| irregular honorific requests that don't end in になる | て form + 下さい |
| rules-based humble verb conjugation | お + stem + する |
| rules-based humble verbal noun conjugation | お/ご + noun + する |
| continuation of an action/event that started in the past OR beginning of a process experienced by the speaker/in-group | てくる |
| currently on-going action that will continue into the future OR process of change experienced by others that does not involve the speaker | ていく |
| 今まで, 三年前から, さいきん, 子供の時から | clue words that indicate you should use てくる |
| これから, 今日から | clue words that indicate you should use ていく |
| "I have decided to ~" | plain present verb + ことにする |
| "I have made it a rule/habit to ~" (no effort implied) | plain present verb + ことにしている |
| "It has been decided ~" (outside of speaker's control) | plain present verb + ことになる |
| "It is a rule to ~" (outside of speaker's control) | plain present verb + ことになっている |
| "not even one/once" | 1 + counter + negative ending |
| emphasizes that the frequency/amount is abnormally high | number/question word + counter + affirmative ending |
Created by:
jckvh
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