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Genes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a chromosome? | a thread - like structure made up of DNA which controls the function and characteristics of a cell (chromatin) |
| What is chromatin? | coils up when undergoing cell division (chromosomes) |
| What are the 3 parts of a DNA? | - phosphate - sugar (deoxyribose) - nucleotide |
| what are the 4 nitrogenous bases? | Adenine <-> Thymine Guanine <-> cytosine |
| what is Codon? | - a 3 nucleotide sequence in which the order of the nitrogenous bases make up a certain amino acid (20) |
| What is a nucleotide? | 3 nucleotide make up a codon |
| what is amino acids/proteins? | building block for a protein |
| What are genes? | a segment of a DNA stand which controls a certain trait of an individual ex. hight, hair type, body type |
| what is a phenylketonuria and how is it tested? | the body does not have enzyme to digest the amino acid phenylalanine found in certain proteins and causes brain damage. To test for this disease, doctors test the babies blood to see if they have the protein enzyme. |
| What down syndrome and how is it tested? | this genetic disease occurs when an embryo has an extra chromosomes (amniocentesis). Doctors draw amniotic sac fluid and micrograph each pair of the chromosomes is taken (karyotype) |
| What is huntington disease and how is it tested? | disease that affects nerve cells so that a person loses muscle control.Doctors do a DNA screening of the individual for the gene. If 1 parent has the gene, you have 50% chance of getting the disease. |
| what is genetic engineering? | the process of combining genes (DNA) from one organism to another |
| What is transgenic organism? | a genetic notified organism (GMO) who's genes are altered or genes from other species are inserted |
| What are mutations? | mutation occurs when the Codon sequence in the gene segment of the DNA strand is changed in the order it was in |
| What is a mutagen? | radiation or substances that causes the genes to mutate ex. drugs and smoking. |
| What is cloning? | the process of creating identical genetic copies of an organism |
Created by:
lorena.0902
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