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Genes
| questions | answers |
|---|---|
| What are chromosomes made out of? | Chromosomes are made out of chromatin and proteins (humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes |
| what is chromatin? | Chromatin is a thread like structure made up of DNA which controls the function and characteristics of a cell |
| what are the 3 parts of DNA? | The three parts of DNA are: 1. Codon 2. Protein 3. Gene |
| What are the 4 nitrogenous bases? | Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) |
| What is a codon? | A Codon is a 3 nucleotide sequence in which the order of the nitrogenous bases make up a certain amino acid (There are 20 amino acids) |
| What are nucleotides? | Created by the 4 nitrogenous bases which creates the rung - also created by Phospate (Po4 3-) (P) and sugar (deoxyribose) (D) |
| what is/are Amino acids/protein? | Amino acids join together to form a chain (protein) in which carries out a specific task set out from the DNA Eg: muscle development, enzymes, hormones |
| what is a gene? | A gene is a segment of a DNA strand which controls a certain trait of an individual Eg: height, hair type, body type |
| What are the 3 Disease Cases? | 1. Phenylketonuria (PKU) 2. down syndrome 3. huntington Disease |
| What is Phenylketonruia? | The body does not have an enzyme to digest the amino acids which causes brain damage |
| What is down syndrome? | Down syndrome is when an embryo (after the egg and sperm collide it creates an embryo) has an extra set of chromosomes (24) |
| What is Huntington Disease? | A Disease that affects nerve cells so that a person loses muscle control (shaky hands) |
| What is a karyotype graph? | A karyotype graph is a graph that shows all |
| What is transgenic organism? | A genetically modified organism whose genes are altered or genes from another species are inserted |
| What is genetic engineering? | Genetic engineering is the process of combining genes from one organism to another |
| what are mutations? | occurs when the codon sequence in the gene segment of the DNA strand is changed in the order it was in |
| What are mutagens? | radiation or substances that cause the genes to mutate |
| What is cloning? | Cloning is the process of creating identical genetic copies of an organism -cloning occurs in plants naturally - mitosis cuttings of a plant can grow a new plant when you root them - in 1996, Dolly the sheep was the first mammal to be cloned |
Created by:
allyow2
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