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Genes
Part B
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chromosomes | A thread kuje structure made of DNA and controls the characteristics of the cell (choromatin) |
| Centromere | The center of the chromosome |
| Sister chromatids | The two different parts of the chromosome |
| DNA | genetic instructions for the development and function of the cell |
| Double helix | The shape and structure of the DNA |
| Backbone | Frame work/backbone of the DNA, composed of Sugar and phosphate |
| Nucleotide "rung" | Formed by a pair of codon, always adenine (A) with thymine (T), or guanine (G) with cytosine (C). |
| Codon | 3 nucleotide sequence to make up the nitrogenous to make a certain ammino acid |
| Proten | Amino Acid joined together to form a chain to carry out a task set by the DNA |
| Ammino Acid | molecules that combine to form proteins, there are 20 ammino acids |
| Codon Sequence | Gene segment controls how the oganisim with certain trait will turn out |
| DNA Screening | Used to determain if a person has a genetic disease through the mapped out of all genes in a Human DNA |
| Phenyiketonuria (PKU) diagnosis | The bodt does not have enzymes to digest ammino acid in proteins, can cause brain damage |
| Phenyiketonuria (PKU) Test | Baby's blood from the heel and analyze if they have protein enzyme |
| Down Syndrome diagnosis | When the embryo has an extra chromosome called amminocenteis |
| Down Syndrome Test | Amniotic sac fluid is drawn and karyotype of each pair is taken |
| Huntington Disease diagnosis | affects the nerve cell and the person loses muscle control |
| Huntington Disease Test | If 1 parent has the gene, there is a 50% chance of getting the disease |
| Karyotype | A map of all types of chromosomes |
| Chromatin | What chromosomes are made of, contains proteins and DNA |
| Gene | Segment of DNA which controls the certain trait of individual |
| Genetic engeneering | process of cominidng genes from one organisim to another |
| Transgenic organisim | A genetically modified organisim whose genes is modified from another organisim |
| example of Transgenic organisim | glow in the dark pigs |
| example of Genetic engeneering | Longer lasted crops |
| Mutation | when the codon sequence of the DNA strand change in order it was in |
| Example of Mutation | Mutation of Cancer cells |
| Mutagens | Radiation or Substance that cause gene to mutate |
| Cloning | Creating identical genetuc copies of other organsim, occours in plants naturally |
| Example of Cloning | Polly the sheep, 1st animal to be cloned |
| Steps of Cloning | Remove nucleus of unfertilizec egg Another cell is put in a chemical bath with the egg Both are Fused by the jolt of electiricty Cell start to divide into embreyo Embroyo implanted into surrogate |
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