Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
male system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| gametogensis | process of producing gametes which is an egg and sperm |
| spermatogenesis | sperm production in males (23 chromosomes), 65-75 days. Temperature sensitive process. |
| oogenesis | egg production in females (23 chromosomes) |
| testes | male gonads and produces sperm and. hormones (androgens and testosterones) |
| scrotum | 3 degrees C cooler (34 degrees centigrade) which is 37 degrees body temp |
| embryonically of testes | originate near kidneys at about 8 fetal months testes descend into scrotal sac |
| initation of testes | pituitary hormones and testosterone |
| problems of testes | 1 or both testes fail to descend is cryptorchidism which is a hormonal deficiency, physical obstruction and creates 30-50x cancer risk. |
| temporary sterility | hot bath can create a place for sperm to be in |
| scrotal thermoregulation for sperm production in cold temperatures | cremaster muscle (skeletal muscle) elevates testes closer to body to warmer groin area or dartos myscles (smooth muscle) contraction tightens scrotum to make up heat loss |
| scrotal thermoregulation for sperm production in warm temperature | muscles relax to promote heat loss (dartos muscles and cremaster muscle de contract) |
| length and diameter of testes | 2 in length and each 1 in |
| testes is surrounded by... | tunica vaginalis (outer) and tunica albuginea (inner) -which extends into testes dividing it into lobules which is about 250 lobules per testes |
| each lobule contains... | seminiferous tubules (site of sperm production) and leydig cells (site of testosterone production) sperm enter rete testis then onto the epidymis to complete final maturation here |
| meiosis phases 1 | prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1 and telophase 1 |
| meiosis phase 2 | telophase 2, anaphase 2, metaphase 2 and prophase 2 |
| diploid | 2n |
| haploid | n |
| spermatogonium in spermatogenesis | (2n-diploid) dormant in testes during fetal period. Increases in number at puberty which is at mitosis |
| primary spermatocyte | (2n diploid) undergo reproductive division at meiosis 1 |
| secondary spermatocytes | (n-haploid) undergo meiosis 2 |
| spermatids | (n-hapoloid) transformation to mature sperm which equals spermiogenesis |
| spermatozoa | (n-hapoloid) which is mature sperm and half that sperm is X-bearing 22+x=23 chromosomes. The other hald is Y bearing 22+Y=23 chromosomes |
| spermiogenesis | spermatids to become mature sperm, no cell division, spherical to elongated, acrosome which forms and is important in fertilization. Flagellum develop, mitochondria number increases, excess cytoplasm removed, and now enter lumen of seminiferous tubules |
| mature sperm | hylauronidase (acrosome) that contains pores for a release to pentrate a secondary oocyte in female, head contains nucleus and 23 chromosomes, body has mitohondria that supplies energy for sperm, tail propels sperm through fluid and length is important |
| how long does sperm survive in female tracts | several days as sperm cells swim to fertilize a female reproductive cell called an oocyte or egg |
| what affects male fertility | sperm count and sperm motility |
| hormonal control of sperm production | hypothalamus releases GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) and stimulates anterior pituitary to release LH and FSH |
| what does LH and FSH do for sperm production? | LH stimulates Leydig cells which produce testosterone and have negative feedback that suppress LH and GnRh. FSH stimulates Sertoli cells that cause spermatogenesis and have negative feedback of inhibin a hormone that inhibits FSH release |
| negative feedback of sperm production | occurs once degree of spermatogenesis has been completed and if spermatogenesis slows it means less inhibin is released. |
| what can cause low sperm count | poor habits like alcoholism, drugs and dietary deficiencies. Physical factors like injury to testes, inflammation, high temps, infectious disease and environmental factors like chemicals, radiation, toxin, PVC's, pesticides and lead |
| accessary glands | provides for semen production of around 200-300 million sperm per ejaculation of 2-5 ml of semen |
| seminal vesicles of accessary glands | paired posterior wall of bladder. 60% semen volume (yellowish) fructose (energy for sperm) and postaglandins (sperm motility) |
| prostate gland of accessary glands | encircles upper part of urethra swelling compresses urethra and can cause prostatitis/BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia). 25% semen volume (milky white), ATP(sperm), PSA(prostatic specific antigen) which is testing for prostatic conditions |
| bubourethral gland of accessary glands | also known as cowpers glands, paired size 15% volume, alkaline secretions which neutralizes acidic urine in urethras, and mucous |
| the male duct system consists of what | epididymis, ductus (vas) deferens, urethra |
| epididymis | immature sperm stored here until they become motile (capable of motion) smooth muscles contract to move sperm into |
| ductus (vas) deferens | 18 in long, expansion of the ampulla, joins seminal vesicle duct forms ejaculatory duct |
| urethra | terminal portion, both urinary and reproductive function, conveys urine and semen at different times, prostatic urethra and membranous urethra |
| vasectomy | small incision intro scrotum, vas deferens cut and cauterized, sperm and semen still produced but cannot travels to exterior to body to waste away in testes, can be reversed byt only 30-40% chance of regaining fertility |
| outpatient procedure of vasectomy | under local anesthesia, and the procedure takes less than 30 minutes and recovery time is a few days, high success rate |
Created by:
jhelyka
Popular Biology sets