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Chapter 2
life, chemistry & water
| questions | answers |
|---|---|
| define matter element and atom | anything that occupies space&has mass / made up of atoms pure substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical or physical techniques / smallest unit that retain the chemical&physical properties of an element |
| what are 4 elements that make up 96% of living matter? | carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen |
| what are trace elements? are they important? | trace elements are those that compose >.01% of an organism vital to living organisms |
| an atom is made up of what three subparticles? what are their charges and where are they located in an atom? | protons- positive in nucleus / electrons- negative in the cloud/ nuetrons- uncharged in nucleus |
| define isotopes | atoms of an elementwith differing numbers of nuetrons, same atomic number but different mass |
| how many electrons are found in the first orbital? second orbital? third orbital? fourth? | first hold 2 electrons, second holds eight. third holds 8 |
| what are valence electrons? determine how many valence electrons an atom has. | outermost electrons / |
| what is the behavior of an atom with all of its valence electrons? what if it doesnt have all of its valence electrons? | |
| what are the four different bonds? how are they different? | ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, van der waals forces. / |
| one of the bond types can be either polar or nonpolar what is the differnce between them? | polar -one atom is more electronegative than the other / nonpolar shared inequally both atoms have same electronegatives |
| how are geckos able to walk up a wall? | van der waals regions of positive and negative charge, cause molecules to stick together briefly |
| what are the properties of water? ex. | expansion upon freezing, versalility as a solvent seperates ions and molecules from each other so they can enter a solution, ability to moderate temperature, adhesive behavior |
| what makes a solution acidic or basic? what are the pH values for the solutions? | acids release H+ as they dissolve in water / bases gather H+ or releases OH- in solution |
| what is the function of a buffer? why is it important to have buffers? | regulate pH of living cells, helps keep cells close to nuetral pH |
| how can acid rain be harmful? recognize an effect of acid rain | harms wildlife such as fish trees birds and affects respitory systems in areas that have limestone |
Created by:
natalie_yruegaz
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