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Musculoskeletal

Muscles

TermDefinition
Three types of muscles Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle components Voluntary muscle Causes body movements Contracts quickly but tires easily
Cardiac muscle components Involuntary muscle Found in the heart Contains many mitochondria Contracts strongly Doesn’t tire easily
Smooth muscle components Involuntary muscle Contracts slowly Slow to tire Found in internal structures e.g bladder, blood vessels, digestive system
Muscle action Muscles only pull on bones and provide movement Muscles can only pull when they contract
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) The form of energy muscles contraction requires
Antagonistic muscles Two muscles that have opposite effects to each other (Work with opposing actions)
Examples of antagonistic muscles Biceps and triceps Quadriceps and hamstrings
Flexor Flexors close the joint E.g bicep and hamstring
Extensors Extensors open the joint E.g tricep, quads
What Skeleton in a human embryo is made of Cartilage
When ossification occurs in a human The eight week of development in the uterus
Osteoblasts Cells that form bones and grow and repair existing bones (build up bone)
Where does hardening of bone begin? On the inside of long bones and the ends of bone
Growth plate function Continually forms cartilage which turns to bone until bone reaches full length
Growth plate Where bone growth occurs
Osteoclasts Are cells that break down bone
Factors of continued renewal of bone depends on Activity levels/exercise Diet Hormone levels
Created by: EObrienHart
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