Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Musculoskeletal
Ligaments, tendons, bone type/ structure, joints, disorders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ligament | Joins bone to bone. |
| Example of ligament | Cruciate ligament |
| Tendon | Joins muscle to bone |
| Example of tendon | Achilles |
| Endoskeleton | Skeleton inside the organism |
| Example of endoskeleton | Humans |
| Exoskeleton | Skeleton outside the organs and muscles |
| Example of exoskeleton | Crab, insects |
| Two main types of bone | Compact bone Spongy bone |
| Components of compact bone | Hard and strong Has bone cells in a matrix of salts and protein (strength and flexibility) |
| Where compact bone is found | The shaft (diaphysis) and the end (epiphysis) of a bone |
| Components of spongy bone | More porous Hallow spaces containing red bone marrow. |
| Where spongy bone is found | Mostly found at the epiphysis |
| Long bones | Femur Tibia Fibula Humerus Ulna Radius |
| Head of the bone | Epiphysis |
| Shaft of the bone | Diaphysis |
| Periosteum | Membrane around the bone that contains blood vessels and nerves |
| What is found within the epiphysis? | Spongy bone Red bone marrow |
| What is found within the diaphysis (cavity) | Medullary cavity, containing yellow bone marrow |
| Function of yellow bone marrow | To store fat |
| Function of red marrow | Makes Blood cells |
| Joint definition | A joint is where two or more bones meet |
| Three types of joints | Immoveable joints Slightly moveable joints Synovial joints |
| Immoveable joints | Fixed/fused |
| Example of Immoveable joint | Bones in the skull |
| Slightly moveable joints example | Joints between the vertebrae in the upper spine. |
| Gliding joint | Bones slide over each other |
| Example of gliding joint | Wrist |
| Criteria of Synovial joints (3) | End of bones are covered with cartilage Bone separated by a cavity Bones held together by ligaments |
| Function of synovial fluid | Lubricates the joint and prevents friction |
| What are synovial joints enclosed in? | Synovial membrane (which secretes synovial fluid) |
| Types of synovial joints | Ball and socket joint Hinge joints |
| Components of ball and socket joint | Allows movement in all directions Unable to support heavy loads |
| Example of ball and socket joint | Shoulder, hips |
| Components of hinge joints | Allows movement in only one direction Can support heavy loads |
| Example of hinge joints | Elbow, knee, finger |
| Two musculoskeletal disorders | Arthritis Osteoporosis |
| Arthritis | Inflammation of joints, cartilage wearing down between joints |
| Cause of arthritis | Wear and tear, genetic |
| Prevention for arthritis | Proper footwear, swimming rather than running |
| Treatment of arthritis | No cure Rest, mobility exercises/ physiotherapy, weight loss, anti-inflammatory medication |
| Osteoporosis | Brittle bone disease Bones become porous and lose density, weak and break easily |
| Cause of osteoporosis | Hormonal cause - lack of oestrogen in post menopausal women Genetic Diet |
| Prevention | Exercise High calcium diet |
| Treatment | Dietary supplements- calcium, vitamin D, HRT |
Created by:
EObrienHart
Popular Biology sets