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Biology

Mrs. Karch

TermDefinition
Nucleotide made of a phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, and 1 of 4 nitrogenous bases
Hydrogen Bonds What is made when A-T and G-C
Base Pairing The nearly perfect fit between A-T and G-C nucleotides. Adenine to Thymine and Guanine to Cytosine
Antiparallel Two DNA strands are antiparallel as they never cross but the nitrogenous bases meet in the middle.
DNA Replication the biological process of making an identical copy of DNA
Helicase enzymes that unwind and separate double-stranded DNA or RNA
Primase an enzyme that synthesizes short RNA primers during DNA replication
Primer a short nucleic acid sequence, usually RNA, that provides a starting point for DNA synthesis
DNA Polymerase an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a growing chain, using a DNA template as a guide
Ligase an enzyme that catalyzes the joining of two molecules by forming a new chemical bond
chromatin unwound DNA
chromosomes structures found within the nucleus of cells that carry genetic information. nucleus: eukaryotic cytoplasm: prokaryotic
chromatids one of two identical copies of a chromosome on each side joined at the centromere, that form during cell division
centromere center of chromosome that joins sister chromatids
cell cycle how a cell duplicates to reproduce
interphase the longest phase of the cell cycle, where a cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division
G1 Phase the first stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication
S Phase where DNA replication occurs
G2 Phase the third and final stage of interphase in the cell cycle
Mitosis Division of the nuclei to make two identical daughter cells of the original cell.
Centrioles located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope where spindle fibers form between them
Spindle Fibers protein structures, primarily made of microtubules
prophase first phase where the cell condenses the genetic material into visible chromosomes, initiating the formation of the mitotic spindle, and breaking down the nuclear envelope.
metaphase a stage in both mitosis and meiosis where chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell (the metaphase plate) before they are separated
anaphase where duplicated chromosomes are separated and moved to opposite poles of the cell
telophase the final stage of cell division where the duplicated chromosomes have been separated and moved to opposite poles of the cell
cytokinesis the process where the cytoplasm of a cell divides after nuclear division to form two daughter cells
cell plate a disc-like structure that forms at the center of the dividing cell and eventually develops into the new cell wall between the two daughter cells
Created by: Zazabeauty
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