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Zo Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What percentage of all described animal species are invertebrates | About 96% |
| How many animal species are currently described? | About 1.3 million |
| What is the estimated number of animal species in existence | Between 5 to 30 million |
| What percentage of known animal species are arthropods | About 85 |
| What is the goal of this course on animal diversity | To expand the concept of what defines an animal |
| What are the basic characteristics of living organisms | Order/organization, metabolism, growth and development, response to the environment, evolutionary adaptation, and reproduction |
| Where does the energy for most life on Earth come from | The sun |
| What are the two types of cells mentioned | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells |
| What are the four nucleotides of DNA | Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) |
| Who discovered the structure of DNA | Rosalind Franklin, Watson, and Crick |
| What is homeostasis | The tendency toward dynamic equilibrium of the internal system |
| What are the two main types of feedback regulation | Negative feedback and positive feedback |
| What is the difference between negative and positive feedback | Negative feedback self-regulates to bring back to set point, while positive feedback amplifies the effect of a stimulus |
| What is evolution | Genetic change from generation to generation, involving natural selection and adaptation |
| What are the components of Darwin's theory of evolution | Perpetual change, common descent, multiplication of species, gradualism, and natural selection |
| What is the chromosomal theory of inheritance | Genes are located on chromosomes, and inheritance is based on the transmission of chromosomes |
| How are species classified in scientific naming | Genus (first) and species (second) |
| What are the three domains of life | Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya |
| What is artificial selection | When humans breed animals for desired traits |
| What are the five lines of evidence for evolution | Molecular biology, embryology, fossil evidence, homologous structures, and biogeography |
| Who is credited with developing the binomial nomenclature system | Carl Linnaeus |
| What is the purpose of studying phylogeny | To understand evolutionary relationships among species |
| What are the main animal phyla to focus on | Porifera, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Chordata, Platyhelminthes, Mollusca, Annelida, Nematoda, and Arthropoda |
| What are the subgroups of Chordata | Urochordata, Cephalochordata, Vertebrata |
| What are the 9 extant vertebrate clades | Myxini, Petromyzontida, Chondrichthyes, Actinopterygii, Actinistia, Dipnoi, Amphibia, Reptilia, Mammalia |
| What are the three subgroups of Mammalia | Monotremes, Marsupials, Eutherians |
| What is the basic body plan of animals | Symmetry (bilateral, radial), body cavities (acoelomate, coelomate, pseudocoelomate), germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) |
| What is a coelom | A true body cavity with mesoderm |
| What is the advantage of segmentation | It allows for independent movement of body parts, flexibility, and genetic control of development |
| What is the term for organisms lacking a backbone | Invertebrates |
| What is the main characteristic of Porifera (sponges)? | They are sessile, lack true tissues, and filter feed |
| What are choanocytes | Cells in sponges that create water currents for filter feeding |
| What is the function of amoebocytes in sponges | They digest food, transport nutrients, and help with reproduction |
| What is sequential hermaphroditism in sponges | The ability to function as both male and female at different times |
| What is the basic body plan of cnidarians | A sac with a central digestive compartment (gastrovascular cavity) and a single opening |
| What are nematocysts | Stinging cells found in cnidarians that help capture prey |
| What are the two body forms of cnidarians | Polyp (sessile) and medusa (free-swimming). |
| What is polymorphism in cnidarians? | The occurrence of both polyp and medusa forms in the life cycle |
| What is a defining characteristic of platyhelminthes | They are bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, and lack a coelom |
| What is fragmentation in platyhelminthes | The ability to split and regenerate |
| What is the digestive system like in flatworms | It has one opening (mouth) that leads to a gastrovascular cavity |
| What is a unique feature of parasitic flatworms (e.g., tapeworms) | They lack a digestive system and absorb nutrients directly through their skin |
| What is a key characteristic of arthropods | They have segmented bodies, an exoskeleton made of chitin, and jointed appendages |
| What are the two unique Hox genes in arthropods? | They influence segmentation |
| What are the main body functions of the exoskeleton in arthropods | Protection and a point of attachment for muscles |
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Corbin_319
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