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UWorld 1
UW 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| If patient appears septic, what is the next step? | Get blood and urine cultures (even before ABx therapy) |
| Precocious puberty vs pseudoprecocious puberty: Pathology? Which one is more severe? | Pathology: precocious is hypothalamus-thalamus tract; pseudo is any excess androgen/steroids (like a-21 OHase def). Pseudo is more severe |
| What affect would peptic ulcers have on BUN/Cr? | BUN is increased due to urea release from broken down RBCs (Cr stays normal) |
| Blunt trauma to a child's abdomen results in obstruction symptoms. What is cause? Next step? | Cause: hematoma in intestine. Next step: wait for it to resolve on its own (1-2w) |
| Rx for syphillis? | 1 dose of IM Pen G (TTC or doxycycline if allergic) |
| Rx for cocaine-induced MI? What Rx is absolutely contra-indicated? | benzos. B-blockers are c/i (aggravate vasocstrxn) |
| What type of DI does Lithium cause? | Nephrogenic DI |
| Why can asthma Rx cause muscle weakness? | B-blockers can push K+ into cells, leading to hypokalemia-->weakness |
| Spike-and-Wave pattern is unique to what type of seizure? What is the Rx? | Absence seizure. Rx= ethosuxamide or valproate |
| No milk after child birth w/ heavy bleeding is ________ syndrome. | Sheehan's (low prolactin due to pituitary ischemia) |
| Nephrotic syndrome associated with large kidneys, GI/liver involvement, and HTN is due to ___________ | Amyloidosis |
| Obese baby with downward mouth, diamond eyes, small feet/hands is what genetic disease? What is the Rx? | Prader-Willi syndrome. Rx w/ GH |
| Which one is which: (Patau/Edwards)- polydactyly, scalp defects, heart problems. closed fist, rocker bottom feet | Patau;Edwards |
| Which is more severe: gonococcal/chlamidyal conjunctivitis in neonate | Gonococcal |
| ESR is raised in what kind of joint/muscle disease? | Inflammatory |
| Serotonin agonists/antagonists are used as anti-emetics? | Antagonists |
| Which Skin CA: 1)keratin pearls 2)spindle shaped cells/palisading 3) inside of mouth | 1) Sq Cell Ca 2) Basal Cell Ca 3) Apthous Ulcer |
| Difference between chi-sq test and x or t-test | chi-sq compares 2 CATEGORIES (yes/no), x/t-test compare 2 MEANS |
| If a patient falsely believes he has cancer for no reason, this is a _____________ disorder | Delusional (non-psychotic delusions) |
| First test you do for suspected head of Panc Ca? What is the common presentation? | CT abdomen. NON TENDER GB + biliary obstruction |
| 3 features of RTA type IV? | renal insufficiency, hyperkalemia, non-gap acidosis |
| 2 common causes of Mitral Regurg following MI? | Papillary muscle rupture, Ventricle aneurysm (this has ST elevations too) |
| Recurrent UTIs and GI infxns is usually a sign of _______________ deficiency | Ig's (esp IgA and IgG) |
| Liver dz pt's should get hella vaccines | |
| What is the prophylactic Rx for areas of chloroquine-resistant malaria? | Mefloquine. Resistant areas are Indian subcontinent, sub-Saharan Africa |
| Why check Ca2+ levels in a pt with pheochromocytoma? | Suspected MEN2a, which has Medullary Ca of thyroid and PTH involvement |
| What is screening test for ovarian Ca? What is best test for suspected HEREDITARY ovarian Ca? | There is none. If hereditary suspected, do BRCAs, then CA-125, Pelvic USG |
| In shizo's, what is circumstantiallity? What are loose associations? | Circumstantiallity: detailed speech, vaguely related to topic. Loose assoc: no connection between statements |
| What neurotransmitter is altered in OCD? How do you treat it | Serotonin (Rx with SSRI) |
| What nerve controls motor/sensory aspects of posterior leg (both upper and lower)? What is the distribution of femoral nerve? of common peroneal? | Tibial nerve. Femoral= Quads, medial lower leg sensation. Common peroneal= lateral of lower leg/top of foot |
| If a patient has classic findings of appendicitis, what is the next step? What about if abscess is suspected? | Direct to surgery. ABx in case of abscess |
| Blunted calyces vs dilated calyces. What are the causes? | Blunted: pyelonephritis. Dilated: hydronephrosis |
| Lipo-hyalinosis/microATH of brain arteries leads to ____________. | Lacunar strokes (internal capsule) |
| What is the electrophoresis finding of Multiple Myeloma? What are the Ig's in urine called? | M spike. Bence Jones proteins |
| Hypothyroidism can cause (increased/decreased) milk production. Reason? | increased. hypothyroid->raised TRH->increased prolactin. Test by checking TSH |
| Bruton's agammaglobinemia affects what cell type? What Ig's are lost? | B cells (d/t no tyrosine kinase). Ig G,A,M,E are lost |
| Common variable immunodeficiency resembles what other immunodeficiency? What is the only diferences? | Brutons (X-linked). Differences: affects both male/female; presents later in life |
| Transient hypogammaglobinemia picture regarding Ig's? | IgG is low, IgA is normal (low IgM possible) |
| DiGeorge Syndrome is due to missing ___________ pharyngeal POUCHES. What 2 main features? | 3rd and 4th. Features: low Ca2+ (no PTH), and immunodeficient (no thymus). |
| Increased uterus size is seen in (fibroids/endometriosis). Which has infertility? Which has pain w/ sex? | Fibroids. Infertility = fibr |
| If patient appears septic, what is the next step? | Get blood and urine cultures (even before ABx therapy) |
| Precocious puberty vs pseudoprecocious puberty: Pathology? Which one is more severe? | Pathology: precocious is hypothalamus-thalamus tract; pseudo is any excess androgen/steroids (like a-21 OHase def). Pseudo is more severe |
| What affect would peptic ulcers have on BUN/Cr? | BUN is increased due to urea release from broken down RBCs (Cr stays normal) |
| Blunt trauma to a child's abdomen results in obstruction symptoms. What is cause? Next step? | Cause: hematoma in intestine. Next step: wait for it to resolve on its own (1-2w) |
| Rx for syphillis? | 1 dose of IM Pen G (TTC or doxycycline if allergic) |
| Rx for cocaine-induced MI? What Rx is absolutely contra-indicated? | benzos. B-blockers are c/i (aggravate vasocstrxn) |
| What type of DI does Lithium cause? | Nephrogenic DI |
| Why can asthma Rx cause muscle weakness? | B-blockers can push K+ into cells, leading to hypokalemia-->weakness |
| Spike-and-Wave pattern is unique to what type of seizure? What is the Rx? | Absence seizure. Rx= ethosuxamide or valproate |
| No milk after child birth w/ heavy bleeding is ________ syndrome. | Sheehan's (low prolactin due to pituitary ischemia) |
| Nephrotic syndrome associated with large kidneys, GI/liver involvement, and HTN is due to ___________ | Amyloidosis |
| Obese baby with downward mouth, diamond eyes, small feet/hands is what genetic disease? What is the Rx? | Prader-Willi syndrome. Rx w/ GH |
| Which one is which: (Patau/Edwards)- polydactyly, scalp defects, heart problems. closed fist, rocker bottom feet | Patau;Edwards |
| Which is more severe: gonococcal/chlamidyal conjunctivitis in neonate | Gonococcal |
| ESR is raised in what kind of joint/muscle disease? | Inflammatory |
| Serotonin agonists/antagonists are used as anti-emetics? | Antagonists |
| Which Skin CA: 1)keratin pearls 2)spindle shaped cells/palisading 3) inside of mouth | 1) Sq Cell Ca 2) Basal Cell Ca 3) Apthous Ulcer |
| Difference between chi-sq test and x or t-test | chi-sq compares 2 CATEGORIES (yes/no), x/t-test compare 2 MEANS |
| If a patient falsely believes he has cancer for no reason, this is a _____________ disorder | Delusional (non-psychotic delusions) |
| First test you do for suspected head of Panc Ca? What is the common presentation? | CT abdomen. NON TENDER GB + biliary obstruction |
| 3 features of RTA type IV? | renal insufficiency, hyperkalemia, non-gap acidosis |
| 2 common causes of Mitral Regurg following MI? | Papillary muscle rupture, Ventricle aneurysm (this has ST elevations too) |
| Recurrent UTIs and GI infxns is usually a sign of _______________ deficiency | Ig's (esp IgA and IgG) |
| Liver dz pt's should get hella vaccines | |
| What is the prophylactic Rx for areas of chloroquine-resistant malaria? | Mefloquine. Resistant areas are Indian subcontinent, sub-Saharan Africa |
| Why check Ca2+ levels in a pt with pheochromocytoma? | Suspected MEN2a, which has Medullary Ca of thyroid and PTH involvement |
| What is screening test for ovarian Ca? What is best test for suspected HEREDITARY ovarian Ca? | There is none. If hereditary suspected, do BRCAs, then CA-125, Pelvic USG |
| In shizo's, what is circumstantiallity? What are loose associations? | Circumstantiallity: detailed speech, vaguely related to topic. Loose assoc: no connection between statements |
| What neurotransmitter is altered in OCD? How do you treat it | Serotonin (Rx with SSRI) |
| What nerve controls motor/sensory aspects of posterior leg (both upper and lower)? What is the distribution of femoral nerve? of common peroneal? | Tibial nerve. Femoral= Quads, medial lower leg sensation. Common peroneal= lateral of lower leg/top of foot |
| If a patient has classic findings of appendicitis, what is the next step? What about if abscess is suspected? | Direct to surgery. ABx in case of abscess |
| Blunted calyces vs dilated calyces. What are the causes? | Blunted: pyelonephritis. Dilated: hydronephrosis |
| Lipo-hyalinosis/microATH of brain arteries leads to ____________. | Lacunar strokes (internal capsule) |
| What is the electrophoresis finding of Multiple Myeloma? What are the Ig's in urine called? | M spike. Bence Jones proteins |
| Hypothyroidism can cause (increased/decreased) milk production. Reason? | increased. hypothyroid->raised TRH->increased prolactin. Test by checking TSH |
| Bruton's agammaglobinemia affects what cell type? What Ig's are lost? | B cells (d/t no tyrosine kinase). Ig G,A,M,E are lost |
| Common variable immunodeficiency resembles what other immunodeficiency? What is the only diferences? | Brutons (X-linked). Differences: affects both male/female; presents later in life |
| Transient hypogammaglobinemia picture regarding Ig's? | IgG is low, IgA is normal (low IgM possible) |
| DiGeorge Syndrome is due to missing ___________ pharyngeal POUCHES. What 2 main features? | 3rd and 4th. Features: low Ca2+ (no PTH), and immunodeficient (no thymus). |
| Increased uterus size is seen in (fibroids/endometriosis). Which has infertility? Which has pain w/ sex? | Fibroids. Infertility = fibroids. Dyspyreunia = Endometriosis |
| HCV vs HBV Rx? | HCV= IFN + Ribavirin. HBV= IFN + Lamivudine |
| 5 components of biophysical profile? What is total # of points? | Nonstress test, Fetal tone, Fetal movement (2 in 30min), Fetal breathing (20s in 30min), Amniotic Fluid volume (2cm+). Total points = 10 |
| Criteria for BPP in fetus? | 8-10= normal. 6 w/o oligohydr= deliver (if 37w+), repeat in 24h (if <37w..deliver if still low). 6 w/ oligohydr= deliver @ 32w, daily monitor @ <32w. 4 or less= deliver @ 26w+ |
| What nerve is damaged in anterior shoulder dislocation? | Axillary |
| Winged scapula is due to damage of what nerve? | Long Thoracic |
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