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1-6: Synthesis
carbon-based molecules can be assembled into larger molecules, such as proteins
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| carbon | An element found in all living things, important for forming molecules like proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. |
| hydrogen | The lightest element, found in water and many other molecules in living things. |
| nitrogen | An element that is a key part of proteins and DNA, and is found in the air we breathe. |
| sulfur | An element that helps make proteins and vitamins, and is found in some amino acids. |
| phosphorus | An element important for making DNA and bones, and is found in many foods. |
| amino acids | The building blocks of proteins, made of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. |
| carbon-based molecules | Molecules that contain carbon and are found in all living things, like proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. |
| lipids | Fats and oils that store energy and make up cell membranes. |
| starches | Complex carbohydrates that plants use to store energy, and that we eat for energy. |
| nucleic acids | Molecules like DNA and RNA that store and transmit genetic information. |
| chemical elements | Basic substances that make up everything, like carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. |
| chemical reactions | Processes where substances change into new substances, like when food is digested. |
| hydrocarbon backbones | Chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms, forming the structure of many organic molecules. |
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