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Define Ecology
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List the levels of Organization:
Largest to Smallest
Largest to Smallest
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Bio Ecology test
Section 1 + 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Ecology | The study of how organisms interact with EACH OTHER + THE ENVIRONMENT |
| List the levels of Organization: Largest to Smallest | Biosphere, Biome, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism |
| Define Biosphere | All of Earth |
| Define Biome | Areas of the biosphere that have the same plants |
| Define Ecosystem | Includes both Biotic(living) + Abiotic(non-living) parts of a biome |
| Define Community | Biotic factors ONLY |
| Define Population | Same species (all the frogs) |
| Define Organism | 1 individual |
| What are the 2 types of Population Characteristics | Density and Distribution |
| Define Density | How many are in the population |
| Define Distribution | Where they are located |
| What are the 3 types of Distribution? | Random, Uniform, and Clumped |
| *Random is scattered* **Uniform is like rows of desks in a classroom* *Clumped are the students in each class room around the school* | |
| What are two types of Population Growth Factors? | Density-dependent Factors and Density-independent Factors |
| Define Density-dependent Factors | These DEPEND on # in the population |
| List examples of Density-dependent Factors | Food, space, # of predators, spread of disease |
| Define Density-independent Factors | DO NOT depend on # in the population |
| List examples of Density-independent Factors | Temp, Rain, Fire |
| What are the two types of Population Growth Curve? | Exponential Growth Curve and Logistic Growth Curve |
| **Exponential Growth Curve looks like a curve straight up** **Conditions have to be perfect in order for this to happen* | |
| List the stages of a Logistic Growth Curve | Lag Phase, Exponential Phase, Carrying Capacity, and Steady state |
| Define and describe the lag phase | Making sure it's OK to have babies *Looks like a straight horizontal line* |
| Define and describe Exponential Phase | Fast increase in population # *Steap Diagonal Line* |
| Define and describe Carrying Capacity | The # of organisms an environment can support *Looks like a straight horizontal line* |
| Define and describe Steady State | Hover around Carrying Capacity *Looks like a even squiggle* |
| Why is lag phase important? | It allows the animals to determine if it's ok to have babies so they don't waste energy not knowing if the baby will survive |
| **We humans, have a lag stage for about 18 years because we are not fit and aren't READY for a baby** | |
| *If asked for carrying capacity, and give steady state, split it through the center, that is the carrying capacity** | |
| Birth=death: Population stays the same They cancel out | |
| Birth>death: Population increases | |
| Birth<death: Population decreases | |
| Habitat = Environment | |
| Define Niche | Organism's JOB or ROLE |
| Example of Niche | Fungi are Decomposers which is their JOB |
| Define Predator | Chases, kills, and Eats prey |
| Define Prey | Get chased, killed, + eaten |
| Define Symbiosis | ANY relationship between organisms (have to be different species) |
| Define Mutualism | BOTH organism benefit |
| List Examples of Mutualism | Human + Bacteria in intestines Rhino + bird Plants + mycorrhizal fungi (fungi that grows on plant roots) |
| Define Parasitism | One Benefits(parasite), one gets hurt(host) |
| List Examples of Parasitism | Human + Strep bacteria Lamprey + Fish Human + Fungi(Ringworm, Athlete's foot) |
| Define Commensalism | One is happy(benefiting) + one does not care |
| List Examples of Commensalism | Shark + Remora Fish |
| What are the 3 types of Symbiosis | Mutualism, Parasitism, and Commensalism |
| How is a Rhino and bird an example of Mutualism | Bird is supplied with a unlimited supply of food(bugs) and Rhino is free of any bugs |
| How is a Lamprey + Fish an example of Parasitism | A lamprey sucks blood from the fish which supplies the lamprey with glucose but harms the fish |
| How is a Shark + Remora Fish an example of Commensalism | A Remora fish follows around a shark so it can pick up the sharks' scraps, it helps out the remora supplying it with food while the shark doesn't care |
| What is another name for a food chain? | "Trophic" Chain |
| Define "Trophic" | Food (Autotroph/Heterotroph) |
| List order of the food chain | Primary Producer--> Primary Consumer--> Secondary C. --> Tertiary C. |
| Primary Producers are always Heterotroph or autotroph? | Autotroph |
| How do primary producers get their energy if they are the first? | Gets their energy from the sun using photosynthesis |
| **Note* TC eats SC, SC eats PC, PC eats PP | |
| Is Primary Consumer a Carnivore or Herbivore? | Herbivore |
| Is Secondary Consumer a Carnivore or Herbivore? | Carnivore |
| Is Tertiary Consumer a Carnivore or Herbivore? | Carnivore |
| Define Herbivore | Eats plants ONLY |
| Define Carnivore | Eats meat ONLY |
| Define Omnivore | Eats plants AND meat |
| Define Decomposers/Scavengers | Return nutrients to environment (Keeps things going) |
| Grass-> Mouse-> Snake-> Hawk Which organism is a primary producer? | Grass |
| Grass-> Mouse-> Snake-> Hawk Which organism is a primary consumer? | Mouse |
| Grass-> Mouse-> Snake-> Hawk Which organism is a secondary consumer? | Snake |
| Grass-> Mouse-> Snake-> Hawk Which organism is a Tertiary consumer? | Hawk |
| Grass-> Mouse-> Snake-> Hawk Which organism is an Autotroph? | Grass |
| Grass-> Mouse-> Snake-> Hawk Which organism is a Herbivore? | Mouse |
| Grass-> Mouse-> Snake-> Hawk Which organism is a Carnivore? | Snake and Hawk |
| **Only 10% of the energy at 1 trophic level moves to the next level* | |
| In a food chain, if grass starts with 1,000,000 calories, how much is moved on to a mouse? | 100,000 calories |
| In a food chain, if a Mouse has 100,000 calories, how much is moved on to a snake? | 10,000 calories |
| In a food chain, if a Snake has 10,000 calories, how much is moved on to a hawk? | 1,000 calories |
| **The tertiary consumer always has the least energy or any of something** | |
| **The Primary producer always has the most energy or any of something** | |
| List the 6 Land Biomes | Tundra, Grassland, Taiga, Deciduous forest, Rainforest, and Desert |
| List the characteristics of the Tundra Biome | Permafrost(permanently frozen), Moss |
| List the characteristics of the Grassland Biome | Grass(Climax Community) |
| List the characteristics of the Taiga Biome | Coniferous forest(shrubs, grass, conifers) (No Deciduous trees can grow) |
| List the characteristics of the Deciduous Forest Biome | Our Biome(grows everything) |
| List the characteristics of the Rainforest Biome | More life than any biome, hot, wet |
| List the characteristics of the Desert Biome | Hot, Dry, Thick Cuticle(to keep water from being evaporated) |
| List the three Biogeochemical Cycles: | Nitrogen Cycle, Water Cycle, and O2/CO2 |
| What are the 2 types of Ecological Succession? | Primary and Secondary Succession |
| Define Succession | When one community gets replaced by another |
| Example of Succession Grass-> Shrubs->Conifers(Gymno Cones)-> Deciduous Trees(leaves fall off) | |
| Define Climax Community | Final Stable Community **Some environment can't grow trees, or certain plants, that is where it stops, and the last thing it can grow is its CLIMAX COMMUNITY* |
| Define Primary Succession | Starts w/ rock. Rocks have to be broken down into soil first (Lichen/Moss= Pioneer Species) |
| **Moss takes moisture out of rock, breaking it down** | |
| Define Secondary Succession | Starts w/ soil |
| In Primary Succession how is rock broken down | It is broken down by Lichen/Moss and turned into soil |
| List the 3 water Biomes | Fresh water, Salt water, Estuary |
| List examples of a fresh water biome | Rivers, lakes, streams (drinking water) |
| List examples of a salt water biome | Ocean, Sea, "Marine" |
| Define Estuary biome | Where fresh + salt water meet |
| List example of an Estuary Biome | Chesapeake Bay |
| Define Bay | Salt + Fresh water near by |
| **More food chains are in estuary than in the deep ocean** | |
| Why are there more food chains in an estuary than in the deep ocean? | Because bays are shallow, meaning there are more Primary producers because there are more sunlight |
| **Bays are shallow enough for sun to reach bottom, which Primary producers need* | |
| Define Chemosynthesis | Bacteria use hydrogen sulfide from deep ocean vents to produce glucose (Becomes producers in food chain w/o light) |
| What are the 2 steps of finding the population of a population grid? | Step 1: AVERAGE(MEAN) of the numbers you are given Step 2: MULTIPLY the AVERAGE and number of boxes in the grid to get final population estimation |
| Ecology is the study of how_____interact with________ | Living things/habitats |
| What one factor do Biomes have in common? | Plants |
| What are the first 2 important facts scientists try to find out about a population? | Distribution and Density |
| An organism job in the environment is called it's_______? | Niche |
| If a population is equal to 500 and the birthrate equals 30 and the deathrate equals 40, what will happen to the overall population number? | Decrease |
| If conditions in an environment are perfect forever, what type of population growth curve will occur? | Exponential |
| You and your pet puppy are an example of what? | Mutualism |
| When an insect helps to pollinate a flower, the insect gets nectar from the flower for food. Which of these is the host? | Neither (this is mutualism, it can only be a host if it was parasitism) |
| If a field can only feed and house 35 mice, then 35 would be _________ of that habitat. | Carrying Capacity |
| Areas with the same Climax Community are in the same _______ | biome |
| Abiotic and biotic factors in the environment make up the _______________ | Ecosystem |
| Density-dependent or Density-independent Nutrients | Density-dependent |
| Density-dependent or Density-independent Crowding | Density-dependent |
| Density-dependent or Density-independent Drought | Density-independent |
| Density-dependent or Density-independent Competition | Density-dependent |
| Density-dependent or Density-independent Stress | Density-dependent |
| Name the part of the logistic curve that is being described: Fast growth with few deaths | Exponential Phase |
| Name the part of the logistic curve that is being described: Initial slow growth | Lag Phase |
| Name the part of the logistic curve that is being described: Number of organisms the environment can support | Carrying Capacity |
| Name the part of the logistic curve that is being described: Population rises and falls slightly continuously | Steady State |
| Population=600 Birthrate=50 Death rate= 40 What happens to overall population? | Will increase |
| If for some reason the birthrate of a population suddenly decreases, what will happen to the overall population? | Will decrease |
| If a population gets much larger than the carrying capacity, what will happen? | The environment won't be able to support them, so the weak die. |
| Name and define 3 examples of symbiosis | Commensalism-Ones benefits, one doesn't care Mutalism-Both benefit Parasitism- One Benefits, one is harmed |
| Put in order: Primary Consumer, Primary Producer, Secondary consumer, Sun, Tertiary consumer | Sun, Primary Producer, Primary Consumer, Secondary Consumer, and Tertiary Consumer |
| what % of the sun's energy gets used? | 10% |
| List 3 Biogeochemical cycles and tell what processes cause them to occur. | Nitrogen Cycle- caused by Nitrogen Fixation Water Cycle- caused by Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation |
| Primary succesion starts from _____ | a rock |
| What species is usually a pioneer species? | Moss/Lichen |
| How much energy from one trophic level goes to the next trophic level? | 10% |
| The final stable community that is in an ecosystem is called the _____ community | Climax |
| Which type of succession starts with soil? | Secondary |
| Which of the following is considered to be a "pioneer species"? | Lichen |
| Which biome has conifers as it's Climax community? | Taiga |
| Which Biome has plants with thickest cuticle? | Desert |
| Which of the following Biomes do we live in? | Deciduous |
| Which biome is called "Marine" environment? | Salt water |
| Why are there so many food chains in an estuary? | Autotrophs can get the sun |
| Herbivore, Carnivore, Omnivore, or Decomposer: Eats both plants and animals | Omnivore |
| Herbivore, Carnivore, Omnivore, or Decomposer: Eats dead stuff | Decomposer |
| Herbivore, Carnivore, Omnivore, or Decomposer: Eats plants only | Herbivore |
Created by:
Vivianleigh