Bio Ecology test Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
Define Ecology	The study of how organisms interact with EACH OTHER + THE ENVIRONMENT
List the levels of Organization: Largest to Smallest	Biosphere, Biome, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism
Define Biosphere	All of Earth
Define Biome	Areas of the biosphere that have the same plants
Define Ecosystem	Includes both Biotic(living) + Abiotic(non-living) parts of a biome
Define Community	Biotic factors ONLY
Define Population	Same species (all the frogs)
Define Organism	1 individual
What are the 2 types of Population Characteristics	Density and Distribution
Define Density	How many are in the population
Define Distribution	Where they are located
What are the 3 types of Distribution?	Random, Uniform, and Clumped
Random is scattered *Uniform is like rows of desks in a classroom Clumped are the students in each class room around the school
What are two types of Population Growth Factors?	Density-dependent Factors and Density-independent Factors
Define Density-dependent Factors	These DEPEND on # in the population
List examples of Density-dependent Factors	Food, space, # of predators, spread of disease
Define Density-independent Factors	DO NOT depend on # in the population
List examples of Density-independent Factors	Temp, Rain, Fire
What are the two types of Population Growth Curve?	Exponential Growth Curve and Logistic Growth Curve
Exponential Growth Curve looks like a curve straight up *Conditions have to be perfect in order for this to happen
List the stages of a Logistic Growth Curve	Lag Phase, Exponential Phase, Carrying Capacity, and Steady state
Define and describe the lag phase	Making sure it's OK to have babies Looks like a straight horizontal line
Define and describe Exponential Phase	Fast increase in population # Steap Diagonal Line
Define and describe Carrying Capacity	The # of organisms an environment can support Looks like a straight horizontal line
Define and describe Steady State	Hover around Carrying Capacity Looks like a even squiggle
Why is lag phase important?	It allows the animals to determine if it's ok to have babies so they don't waste energy not knowing if the baby will survive
We humans, have a lag stage for about 18 years because we are not fit and aren't READY for a baby
If asked for carrying capacity, and give steady state, split it through the center, that is the carrying capacity*
Birth=death: Population stays the same They cancel out
Birth>death: Population increases
Birth<death: Population decreases
Habitat = Environment
Define Niche	Organism's JOB or ROLE
Example of Niche	Fungi are Decomposers which is their JOB
Define Predator	Chases, kills, and Eats prey
Define Prey	Get chased, killed, + eaten
Define Symbiosis	ANY relationship between organisms (have to be different species)
Define Mutualism	BOTH organism benefit
List Examples of Mutualism	Human + Bacteria in intestines Rhino + bird Plants + mycorrhizal fungi (fungi that grows on plant roots)
Define Parasitism	One Benefits(parasite), one gets hurt(host)
List Examples of Parasitism	Human + Strep bacteria Lamprey + Fish Human + Fungi(Ringworm, Athlete's foot)
Define Commensalism	One is happy(benefiting) + one does not care
List Examples of Commensalism	Shark + Remora Fish
What are the 3 types of Symbiosis	Mutualism, Parasitism, and Commensalism
How is a Rhino and bird an example of Mutualism	Bird is supplied with a unlimited supply of food(bugs) and Rhino is free of any bugs
How is a Lamprey + Fish an example of Parasitism	A lamprey sucks blood from the fish which supplies the lamprey with glucose but harms the fish
How is a Shark + Remora Fish an example of Commensalism	A Remora fish follows around a shark so it can pick up the sharks' scraps, it helps out the remora supplying it with food while the shark doesn't care
What is another name for a food chain?	"Trophic" Chain
Define "Trophic"	Food (Autotroph/Heterotroph)
List order of the food chain	Primary Producer--> Primary Consumer--> Secondary C. --> Tertiary C.
Primary Producers are always Heterotroph or autotroph?	Autotroph
How do primary producers get their energy if they are the first?	Gets their energy from the sun using photosynthesis
*Note TC eats SC, SC eats PC, PC eats PP
Is Primary Consumer a Carnivore or Herbivore?	Herbivore
Is Secondary Consumer a Carnivore or Herbivore?	Carnivore
Is Tertiary Consumer a Carnivore or Herbivore?	Carnivore
Define Herbivore	Eats plants ONLY
Define Carnivore	Eats meat ONLY
Define Omnivore	Eats plants AND meat
Define Decomposers/Scavengers	Return nutrients to environment (Keeps things going)
Grass-> Mouse-> Snake-> Hawk Which organism is a primary producer?	Grass
Grass-> Mouse-> Snake-> Hawk Which organism is a primary consumer?	Mouse
Grass-> Mouse-> Snake-> Hawk Which organism is a secondary consumer?	Snake
Grass-> Mouse-> Snake-> Hawk Which organism is a Tertiary consumer?	Hawk
Grass-> Mouse-> Snake-> Hawk Which organism is an Autotroph?	Grass
Grass-> Mouse-> Snake-> Hawk Which organism is a Herbivore?	Mouse
Grass-> Mouse-> Snake-> Hawk Which organism is a Carnivore?	Snake and Hawk
*Only 10% of the energy at 1 trophic level moves to the next level
In a food chain, if grass starts with 1,000,000 calories, how much is moved on to a mouse?	100,000 calories
In a food chain, if a Mouse has 100,000 calories, how much is moved on to a snake?	10,000 calories
In a food chain, if a Snake has 10,000 calories, how much is moved on to a hawk?	1,000 calories
The tertiary consumer always has the least energy or any of something
The Primary producer always has the most energy or any of something
List the 6 Land Biomes	Tundra, Grassland, Taiga, Deciduous forest, Rainforest, and Desert
List the characteristics of the Tundra Biome	Permafrost(permanently frozen), Moss
List the characteristics of the Grassland Biome	Grass(Climax Community)
List the characteristics of the Taiga Biome	Coniferous forest(shrubs, grass, conifers) (No Deciduous trees can grow)
List the characteristics of the Deciduous Forest Biome	Our Biome(grows everything)
List the characteristics of the Rainforest Biome	More life than any biome, hot, wet
List the characteristics of the Desert Biome	Hot, Dry, Thick Cuticle(to keep water from being evaporated)
List the three Biogeochemical Cycles:	Nitrogen Cycle, Water Cycle, and O2/CO2
What are the 2 types of Ecological Succession?	Primary and Secondary Succession
Define Succession	When one community gets replaced by another
Example of Succession Grass-> Shrubs->Conifers(Gymno Cones)-> Deciduous Trees(leaves fall off)
Define Climax Community	Final Stable Community *Some environment can't grow trees, or certain plants, that is where it stops, and the last thing it can grow is its CLIMAX COMMUNITY
Define Primary Succession	Starts w/ rock. Rocks have to be broken down into soil first (Lichen/Moss= Pioneer Species)
Moss takes moisture out of rock, breaking it down
Define Secondary Succession	Starts w/ soil
In Primary Succession how is rock broken down	It is broken down by Lichen/Moss and turned into soil
List the 3 water Biomes	Fresh water, Salt water, Estuary
List examples of a fresh water biome	Rivers, lakes, streams (drinking water)
List examples of a salt water biome	Ocean, Sea, "Marine"
Define Estuary biome	Where fresh + salt water meet
List example of an Estuary Biome	Chesapeake Bay
Define Bay	Salt + Fresh water near by
More food chains are in estuary than in the deep ocean
Why are there more food chains in an estuary than in the deep ocean?	Because bays are shallow, meaning there are more Primary producers because there are more sunlight
*Bays are shallow enough for sun to reach bottom, which Primary producers need
Define Chemosynthesis	Bacteria use hydrogen sulfide from deep ocean vents to produce glucose (Becomes producers in food chain w/o light)
What are the 2 steps of finding the population of a population grid?	Step 1: AVERAGE(MEAN) of the numbers you are given Step 2: MULTIPLY the AVERAGE and number of boxes in the grid to get final population estimation
Ecology is the study of how_____interact with________	Living things/habitats
What one factor do Biomes have in common?	Plants
What are the first 2 important facts scientists try to find out about a population?	Distribution and Density
An organism job in the environment is called it's_______?	Niche
If a population is equal to 500 and the birthrate equals 30 and the deathrate equals 40, what will happen to the overall population number?	Decrease
If conditions in an environment are perfect forever, what type of population growth curve will occur?	Exponential
You and your pet puppy are an example of what?	Mutualism
When an insect helps to pollinate a flower, the insect gets nectar from the flower for food. Which of these is the host?	Neither (this is mutualism, it can only be a host if it was parasitism)
If a field can only feed and house 35 mice, then 35 would be _________ of that habitat.	Carrying Capacity
Areas with the same Climax Community are in the same _______	biome
Abiotic and biotic factors in the environment make up the _______________	Ecosystem
Density-dependent or Density-independent Nutrients	Density-dependent
Density-dependent or Density-independent Crowding	Density-dependent
Density-dependent or Density-independent Drought	Density-independent
Density-dependent or Density-independent Competition	Density-dependent
Density-dependent or Density-independent Stress	Density-dependent
Name the part of the logistic curve that is being described: Fast growth with few deaths	Exponential Phase
Name the part of the logistic curve that is being described: Initial slow growth	Lag Phase
Name the part of the logistic curve that is being described: Number of organisms the environment can support	Carrying Capacity
Name the part of the logistic curve that is being described: Population rises and falls slightly continuously	Steady State
Population=600 Birthrate=50 Death rate= 40 What happens to overall population?	Will increase
If for some reason the birthrate of a population suddenly decreases, what will happen to the overall population?	Will decrease
If a population gets much larger than the carrying capacity, what will happen?	The environment won't be able to support them, so the weak die.
Name and define 3 examples of symbiosis	Commensalism-Ones benefits, one doesn't care Mutalism-Both benefit Parasitism- One Benefits, one is harmed
Put in order: Primary Consumer, Primary Producer, Secondary consumer, Sun, Tertiary consumer	Sun, Primary Producer, Primary Consumer, Secondary Consumer, and Tertiary Consumer
what % of the sun's energy gets used?	10%
List 3 Biogeochemical cycles and tell what processes cause them to occur.	Nitrogen Cycle- caused by Nitrogen Fixation Water Cycle- caused by Evaporation, Condensation, Precipitation
Primary succesion starts from _____	a rock
What species is usually a pioneer species?	Moss/Lichen
How much energy from one trophic level goes to the next trophic level?	10%
The final stable community that is in an ecosystem is called the _____ community	Climax
Which type of succession starts with soil?	Secondary
Which of the following is considered to be a "pioneer species"?	Lichen
Which biome has conifers as it's Climax community?	Taiga
Which Biome has plants with thickest cuticle?	Desert
Which of the following Biomes do we live in?	Deciduous
Which biome is called "Marine" environment?	Salt water
Why are there so many food chains in an estuary?	Autotrophs can get the sun
Herbivore, Carnivore, Omnivore, or Decomposer: Eats both plants and animals	Omnivore
Herbivore, Carnivore, Omnivore, or Decomposer: Eats dead stuff	Decomposer
Herbivore, Carnivore, Omnivore, or Decomposer: Eats plants only	Herbivore

Created by: Vivianleigh