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Biomaterials

Finals Review

TermDefinition
Platelets *Facilitate formation of hemostatic plug (clot formation) *Secrete important growth factors, chemicals, and cytokines *P-selectin expression on platelet surface leads to platelet adhesion to neutrophils and monocytes
Platelet Activation P.1 *Activation requires binding of specific agonists to platelet receptors *Activation results in platelet granulation and release of active molecules, initiation of the arachidonic acid cascade, P-selectin is released and expressed on the platelet surfaces
Platelet Activation P.2 *P-selectin mediates platelet adhesion to neutrophils and monocytes *Increased expression of adhesion receptors *Platelet flattens and forms legs covering more surface area *Formation of platelet microparticles
Platelet Cascade The intrinsic is II, IX, X, XI, and XII. The extrinsic is I, II, VII, and X. The common is I, II, V, VIII, and X. The intrinsic is activated by exposed endothelial collagen, and the extrinsic is activated by tissue factor released by endothelial cells.
Fibrin Formation Fibrinopeptides A and B are cleaved by thrombin leaving behind a fibrin monomer that polymerizes into soluble fibrin. Thrombin then activates coagulation factor 13 which then stabilizes the fibrin by generating irreversible D-D binding crosslinked fibrin
Hirudin modification (PF=Platelet Factor) *Hir inhibits thrombin directly *Hep requires the transport of antithrombin III *Hep enhances platelet aggregation *Hir inhibits proteolytic and fibrin binding sites *Hep is regulated by platelet herparinases *Hir is less allergenic *No PF 4 deact.
Thrombomodulin Thrombomodulin actively limits the local generation of thrombin through the production of activated protein C which in turn inactives factors Va and VIIIa
Fiber bonding Increases structural stability, lower rate of degradation, may not be uniform
Emulsion freeze-drying This processing method consists of creating an emulsion by the homogenization of a polymer-solvent solution and water, rapidly cooling the emulsion to lock in the liquid state structure and removing the solvent and water by freeze-drying
Solvent casting/particulate leaching Polymer is dissolved in suitable solvent, poured into a mold, the solvent is removed leaving behind the polymer at a desired shape *Limitations on the type of shapes *Porosity is induced by adding leachable particles *Denaturation of proteins
High pressure processing Technique that requires neither high temperature nor organic solvents to process polymer into highly porous scaffolds *Incorporation of bioactive molecule with little activity *Formation of a continuous polymeric scaffold from a discontinuous mixture
Gas foaming/particulate leaching A method for fabricating porous materials. It combines gas foaming, a gas is used to create pores in a polymer, with particulate leaching, soluble particles are leached out to create larger pores. Avoids the use of harsh organic solvents and high temps
Thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) T of the polymer solution is decreased to induce phase separation, to form one phase with a high polymer concentration and a second phase that is low *Solvent is removed by extraction, evaporation, or sublimation *Pore morphology depends on the solvent
Electrospinning A process that uses electrical fields to control the formation and deposition of polymers
Rapid Prototyping Provide excellent spatial control over polymer architecture *Classification of scaffold fabrication techniques based on their modes of assembly -Acellular is heat, light, and molding -Cellular is assembly and hydrogel/cell hybrids
Created by: Hopethisworks
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