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CH 14 Articulations

BIOL 2401 Practical 3 Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
Synarthrosis Immovable joint.
Amphiarthrosis Slightly movable joint.
Diarthosis Freely movable joint.
Bony Joint Synostosis; an immovable joint formed when the gap between two bones ossifies and the bones become a single bone.
Cartilaginous Joint Adjoining bones united by cartilage; no joint cavity 1) Synchondrosis 2) Symphasis.
Fibrous Joint Consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue; holds the bones tightly together 1) Suture 2) Gomphosis 3) Syndesmosis
Synovial Joints Freely movable joints that have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.
Gliding Joint Type of synovial joint; allows one bone to slide over another; found in wrist and ankles.
Hinge Joint Type of synovial joint, which is formed between two or more bones where the bones can only move along the axis to flex or extend (i.e. elbow and knee).
Pivot Joint Type of synovial joint; rotating bone turns around an axis; i.e. connection between radius/ulna.
Condylar Joint Type of synovial joint: convex oval surface articulates with concave oval surface; biaxial (2 axes) rotation (wrist, metacarpophalangeal 3-5 joints).
Saddle Joint Type of synovial joint; found at the base of each thumb; allows grasping and rotation.
Ball and Socket Joint Type of synovial joint; allows movement in all 3 planes (i.e. hip and shoulder).
Gliding Two surfaces slide past each other; between carpal or tarsal bones.
Flexion Decreases the angle of a joint.
Lateral Flexion Movement of trunk in frontal plane.
Extension Increase angle between bones.
Hyperextension Extension beyond anatomical position.
Abduction Movement away from the midline.
Adduction Movement toward the midline.
Media Rotation Rotational movement towards the midline.
Lateral Rotation Rotation away from the midline.
Pronation Movement that turns the palm down.
Supination Movement that turns the palm up. (Hold the soup bowl.)
Inversion Turning the sole of the foot inward.
Eversion Turning the sole of the foot outward.
Dorsiflexion Bending of the foot or the toes upward. (Standing on your heels.)
Plantar Flexion Bends the foot downward at the ankle. (Standing on your toes.)
Protraction Moving a body part forward.
Retraction Moving a body part backward.
Opposition Movement of the thumb to touch the fingertips (pinky).
Circumduction Circular movement of a limb at the far end, combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
Elevation Raising a body part.
Depression Lowering a body part.
Articular Capsule Fibrous envelope that encloses a synovial joint.
Articular Cartilage Covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints
Fat pads Localized masses of adipose tissue covered by a layer of synovial membrane.
Capsular Ligament Ligaments within the wall of the capsule; thickening in the capsule wall.
Intracapsular Ligaments Stablizing ligaments located inside joint capsule (i.e. ACL, PCL).
Extrascapular Ligaments Stablizing ligaments located outside joint capsule (i.e. LCL, MCL).
Synovial Membrane Membrane lines inside of joint capsule except at actual articulation of articular cartilages; secretes fluid to lubricate joints.
Bursae and tendon sheaths Friction-reducing structures commonly associated with synovial joints.
Fibrocartilage Pads Articular discs may be present within capsule (i.e. meniscus in knee).
Acromioclavicular Ligament Connects the clavicle to the acromion.
Coraoclavicular Ligament Connects the clavicle to the coracoid process.
Coracoacromial Ligament Connection between the coracoid process and the acromion.
Glenohumeral Ligament Connects humerus to the glenoid cavity.
Iliofemoral ligament Connects ilium and femur.
Ischiofemoral Ligament Connects ischium to femur.
Pubofemoral Ligament Connects pubis to femur.
Ligamentum Teres Connects the acetabulum to favea capitis.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Prevents anterior movement of the tibia on the femur.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament Prevents posterior movement of the tibia on the femur.
Tibial Collateral Ligament Connects the medial epicondyle of the femur to the tibia (MCL).
Fibular Collateral Ligament Connects the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the fibula (LCL).
Patellar Ligament Connects patella to tibial tuberosity.
Quadriceps Tendon Common tendon for quadriceps group; attaches to patella.
Medial Meniscus Cartilage in the knee between the femoral condyle and the medial tibial plateau.
Lateral Meniscus Cartilage in the knee between the lateral femoral condyle and the lateral tibial plateau.
Created by: Paiger89
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