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Plate Tectonics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| weathering | the process by which rock materials are broken down by the action of physical and chemical processes. |
| sediment | fragments of weathered rock |
| erosion | the process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports weathered materials from one location to another. |
| deposition | occurs when the eroded materials are dropped, or laid down |
| mineral | a naturally-occurring and usually inorganic solid. |
| igneous rock | rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies |
| sedimentary rock | a rock that forms from compressed or cemented layers of sediment |
| metamorphic rock | a rock that forms from other rocks as a result of intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes |
| tectonic plate | a block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle |
| plate tectonics | the theory that explains how large pieces of Earth's outermost layer, called tectonic plates, move and change shape |
| convection current | any movement of matter that results from differences in density; may be vertical, circular, or cyclical |
| Earth system | all of the nonliving things, living things, and processes that make up the planet Earth, including the geosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere |
| relative dating | any method of determining whether an event or object is older or younger than other events or objects |
| absolute dating | any method of measuring the age of an event or object in years |
| geologic time scale | the standard method used to divide Earth's long natural history into manageable parts |