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Plate Tectonics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| earthquake | The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface. |
| earthquake magnitude | the strength of an earthquake |
| Mt. Everest | tallest mountain in the world (above sea level) |
| earthquake depth | How deep or far down into the Earth an earthquake is occurring |
| epicenter | Point on Earth's surface directly above where an earthquake starts. |
| sediment | small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things |
| bedrock | The solid layer of rock beneath the soil |
| granite | A usually light-colored rock that is found in continental crust; less dense than ocean rock |
| basalt | A dark, dense, rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust |
| plate | a large section of the earth's surface between fault lines |
| creep | when soft rock slowly moves |
| continental plates | made of rocks like granite, less dense |
| oceanic plates | Thin plates that form the ocean floor; more dense than continental plates. |
| plate tectonics | A theory stating that the earth's surface is broken into plates that move. |
| convergent boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other. |
| divergent boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other. |
| transform boundary | A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions |
| subduction | One plate going under another plate |
| continental drift | The theory that Earth's continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea and have since moved apart over millions of years; first proposed by Alfred Wegener |
| Pangea | term for the super continent which contained all the plates together |
| hot spot | a volcanically active area of Earth's surface far from a tectonic plate boundary |
| Ring of Fire | A circle of volcanoes surrounding the Pacific Ocean. |
| destructive Processes | processes that break down the Earth, either through the violent actions of volcanoes and earthquakes or by the steady flow of a river. |
| constructive process | processes that build up or create land at earth's surface |
| convection current | the movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature |
| volcano | An opening in the Earth's crust that allows melted rock, rock debris, and steam from deep within Earth to pour or shoot out |
| magma | Liquid rock below or within the Earth's crust |
| lava | Liquid rock that flows out of a volcano and onto the Earth's surface |
| hot spot | created when a tectonic plate moves over a stationary hot spot in the Earth's mantle |
| Ring of Fire | A circle of volcanoes surrounding the Pacific Ocean. |
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