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APES Vocab
Sustainability, Economics, and Equity
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anthropocentric worldview | a worldview that focuses on human welfare and well-being |
| biocentric worldview | a worldview that holds that humans are just one of many species on Earth, all of which have equal intrinsic value |
| cap-and-trade | an approach to controlling CO2 emissions, where a cap places an upper limit on the amount of pollutants that can be emitted and trade allows companies to buy and sell allowances for a given amount of pollution |
| carbon offsets | methods of promoting global CO2 reduction that do not involve a direct reduction in the amount of CO2 actually emitted by a company |
| command-and-control approach | a strategy for pollution control that involves regulations and enforcement mechanisms |
| Department of Energy (DOE) | the U.S. organization that advances the energy and economic security of the United States |
| ecocentric worldview | a worldview that places equal value on all living organisms and the ecosystems in which they live |
| ecological economics | the study of economics as a component of ecological systems |
| economics | the study of how humans allocate scarce resources in the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services |
| environmental economics | a subfield of economics that examines the costs and benefits of various policies and regulations that seek to regulate or limit air and water pollution and other causes of environmental degradation |
| Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) | the U.S. organization that oversees all governmental efforts related to the environment, including science, research, assessment, and education |
| environmental worldview | a worldview that encompasses how one thinks the world works, how one views one’s role in the world, and what one believes to be proper environmental behavior |
| genuine progress indicator (GPI) | a measure of economic status that includes personal consumption, income distribution, levels of higher education, resource depletion, pollution, and the health of the population |
| green tax | a tax placed on environmentally harmful activities or emissions in an attempt to internalize some of the externalities that may be involved in the life cycle of those activities or products |
| human capital | human knowledge and abilities |
| human development index (HDI) | a measurement index that combines three basic measures of human status: life expectancy, knowledge, and education |
| human poverty index (HPI) | a measurement index developed by the United Nations to investigate the proportion of a population suffering from deprivation in a country with a high HDI |
| incentive-based approach | a strategy for pollution control that constructs financial and other incentives for lowering emissions based on profits and benefits |
| leapfrogging | the phenomenon of less developed countries using new technology without first using precursor technology |
| manufactured capital | all goods and services that humans produce |
| market failure | when the economic system does not account for all costs |
| natural capital | the resources of the planet, such as air, water, and minerals |
| Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) | an agency of the U.S. Department of Labor, responsible for the enforcement of health and safety regulations |
| stewardship | the careful and responsible management and care for Earth and its resources |
| technology transfer | the phenomenon of less developed countries adopting technological innovations developed in wealthy countries |
| triple bottom line | an approach to sustainability that considers three factors—economic, environmental, and social—when making decisions about business, the economy, and development |
| United Nations (UN) | a global institution dedicated to promoting dialogue among countries with the goal of maintaining world peace |
| United Nations Development Program (UNDP) | an international program that works in 166 countries around the world to advocate change that will help people obtain a better life through development |
| United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) | a program of the United Nations responsible for gathering environmental information, conducting research, and assessing environmental problems |
| valuation | the practice of assigning monetary value to intangible benefits and natural capital |
| well-being | the status of being healthy, happy, and prosperous |
| World Bank | a global institution that provides technical and financial assistance to developing countries with the objectives of reducing poverty and promoting growth, especially in the poorest countries |
| World Health Organization (WHO) | a global institution dedicated to the improvement of human health by monitoring and assessing health trends and providing medical advice to countries |
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