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Biology B Unit 14
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gonad | Organ that makes gametes |
| Gamete | Sex cells (egg and sperm) needed for reproduction |
| Ovaries | Females have 2 of them in the lower abdomen and they produce egg cells. There are 200,000 eggs in each ovary |
| Estrogen | A hormone made by the ovaries that causes secondary sex characteristics (enlarged breasts, wudened hip, and pubic hair). Stimulates egg development. |
| Ovulation | The release of mature eggs from ovaries into the oviduct once puberty occurs in women. Happens once a month and stops when menopause occurs. |
| Fallopian tubes (oviducts) | Narrow tubes the move eggs from ovaries to uterus and is the site of fertilization |
| Uterus | Thick-walled muscular organ where fetus develops and has an opening at the bottom called cervix |
| Vagina | The birth canal where the baby is born and where sperm is deposited |
| Menstrual Cycle | When a woman's body prepares for possible pregnancy and is a monthly cycle. Controlled by hormones mande in endocrine glands and begins during puberty, stops during pregnancy, and permanently stops at menopause. |
| Testes | Men have 2 of them and are gonads where sperm is created |
| Testosterone | A hormone made in testes that triggers development of secondary sex characteristics in men and starts sperm production |
| Scrotum | Sac-like structure that holds the testes outside the body and regulates testicle temperature so it is cold enough to produce sperm |
| Vas feferens (sperm duct) | Tubes that carry sperm from the epididymis to the urethra in the penis |
| Semen | Substance made up of sperm and secretions from the prostate gland and other glands |
| Urethra | A tube that runs through the penis transports fluid inside the body to the outside and is connected to the bladder. Carries semen and urine out of the body. |
| Reproduction | Sexually reproducing organisms have specialized sex cells called gametes that havr half the normal number of chromosomes a species has |
| Meiosis | Process that produces gametes |
| Sperm | Made in the testes in males after puberty and 400 million are made each day |
| Egg | Made in the ovaries in females before birth and at puberty each ovary contains around 200,000 follicles. Once puberty starts the around 1 egg per cycle matures and is released through ovulation |
| Fertilization | The process of combining the ehh and sperm to create a new organism and forms a diploid cell called a zygote. Sperm penetrates the egg cell membrane and the egg cell creates a barrier to keep other sperm out. |
| Placenta | Nutrients and gases (carbon dioxide and oxygen) diffuse across blood vessels between mother and fetus without their blood mixing |
| Umbilical Cord | Attaches placenta to fetus at navel |
| Amnion | Filled with amniotic fluid and provides cushion and protection |
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